Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Silviculture with Saline Water

  • Chapter
The Biosaline Concept

Part of the book series: Environmental Science Research ((ESRH,volume 14))

Abstract

Mangroves are the trees and shrubs that grow in the edge of the sea and thus are cultivated with saline waters. Their principal product is wood, a renewable resource that substitutes for fossil fuels. Management of mangroves requires little fossil fuel expenditure and mangrove forests produce prawns, finfish and shellfish as byproducts. It is proposed that attention to aspects of mangrove management, physiology and ecology, breeding and selection, and biological spin-off products should make it possible to increase mangrove area and productivity for the benefit of people living along many tropical and subtropical shores of the world.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Albert, R. 1975. Salt regulation in halophytes. Oecologia 21: 57–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arisz, W. H., Chapman, I. J., Heikens, H., van Tooren, A. J. 1975. The secretion of the salt glands of Limonium latifolium Ktze. Acta Botan. Neerl. 4: 322–338.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson, M. R., Findlay, G. P., Hope, A. B., Pitman, M. G., Saddler, H. D. W., West, H. R. 1967. Salt regulation in the mangroves Rhizophora mangle Lam. and Aegialitis annulata R. Br. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 20: 589–599.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bacon, P. R. 1970. The ecology of Caroni Swamp. Spec. Public. Central Statistical Office, Trinidad. 68 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bacon, P. R. 1975. Recovery of a Trinidadian mangrove swamp from attempted reclamation, pp. 805–815. In Proc. Internat. Sympos. on Biology and Management of Mangroves. Univ. Florida Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baltzer, F. and Lafond, L.R. 1971. Marais Maritime Tropicau. Revue de Geographie Physique et de Geologie Dynamique 13: 173–196.

    Google Scholar 

  • Banerji, J. 1958. The mangrove forests of the Andamans. World Forest. Congress 3: 425–430.

    Google Scholar 

  • Banus, M.D. and Kolehmainen, S.E. 1975. Floating, rooting and growth of red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle L.) seedlings: Effect on expansion of mangroves in Southwest Puerto Rico. pp. 370–384. In Internat. Sympos. on Biology and Management of Mangroves. Univ. Florida Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbour, M. G. 1970. Is any angiosperm an obligate halophyte? Amer. Midlands Naturalist 84: 105–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beard, J. S. 1967. An inland occurrence of mangrove. Western Australia Naturalist 10: 112–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhosale, L. J. 1978. Ecophysiological studies of the mangroves from the western coast of India. Dept. of Botany, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India. 81 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowman, H. H. M. 1917. Ecology and physiology of red mangroves. Proc. Amer. Philosophical Soc. 56: 589–672.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bray, J. R. and Gorham, E. 1964. Litter production in forests of the world, pp. 101–157. In Advances in Ecological Research. Vol. 2

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, J. M. A., Outred, H. A., Hill, C. F. 1969. Respiratory metabolism in mangrove seedlings. Plant Physiology 44: 287–294.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, V. J. 1970. Mangrove phytosociology. Tropical Ecology 11: 1–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, V. J. 1974. Salt Marshes and Salt Deserts of the World. Verlag von J. Cramer, Germany. 2nd Edition. 392 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, V. J. Ronaldson, J. W. 1958. The mangrove and salt-grass flats of the Auckland Isthmus. New Zealand Dept. Scient. Indust. Research, Bull. 125, 79 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christensen, B. 1978. Biomass and primary production of Rhizophora apiculata B1. in a mangroves in southern Thailand. Aquatic Botany 4s 43–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cintron, G., Lugo, A. E., Pool, D. J., Morris, G. 1978. Mangroves of arid environments in Puerto Rico and adjacent islands. Biotropica 10: 110–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Connor, D. J. 1969. Growth of grey mangroves ( Avicennia marina) in nutrient culture. Biotropica 1: 36–40.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Craighead, F. C., Jr. 1971. The Trees of South Florida. University of Miami Press. 212 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, J. H., Jr. 1940. The ecology and geological role of mangroves in Florida. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pubi. 32: 305–412.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, J. H., Jr. 1956. Influences of man on coast lines, pp. 504–521. In Man’s Role in Changing the Face of the Earth. Univ. Chic. Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Sylva, D. P., Michel, H. B. 1974. Effects of mangrove defoliation on the estuarine ecology of South Vietnam, pp. 710–728. In Internat. Sympos. on Biology and Management of Mangroves. University of Florida Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ding Hou. 1958. Rhizophoraceae. Flora Malesiana 5: 429–493.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dixon, R. G. 1959. A working plan for the Matang Forest Reserve. Forest Dept. Perak. 70 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drew, W. B. 1974. The ecological role of the fern (Acrostichum aureum) in sprayed and unsprayed mangrove forests. The Effects of Herbicides in South Vietnam. National Academy of Sciences, Wash., DC 13 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Egler, F.E. 1952. Southeast saline Everglades vegetation, Florida and its management. Vegetatio: Acta Geobotanica 3: 213–265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fosberg, F.R. 1961. Vegetation-free zones on dry mangrove coasts. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Papers. No. 365. pp. D- 216–218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fosberg, F.R. 1971. Mangroves versus tidal waves. Biological Conservation 4: 38–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giglioli, M.E.C. and King, D.F. 1966. The mangrove swamps of Keneba, Lower Gambia River basin, III. Journal of Applied Ecology 3: 1–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gill, A.M. and Tomlinson, P.B. 1977. Studies on the growth of red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle L.) 4. The adult root system. Biotropica 9: 145–155.

    Google Scholar 

  • Golley, F., Odum, H.T. and Wilson, R.F. 1962. The structure and metabolism of a Puerto Rican red mangrove forest in May. Ecology 43: 1–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Golley, F. B. 1972. Tropical Ecology with an Emphasis on Organic Productivity. Univ. Georgia, pp. 407–413.

    Google Scholar 

  • Golley, F. B. Leith, H. 1972. The bases of tropical production, pp. 1–26. In Tropical Ecology. F.B. Golley and R. Misra, eds., Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA 418 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guilcher, A. 1963. The Sea. Vol. 3., pp. 620–654. Interscience Publishers. 936 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harshberger, J. W. 1914. The vegetation of South Florida. Trans. Wagner Free Inst. 1: 49–189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hicks, D.B. and Burns, L.A. 1975. Mangrove metabolic response to alteration of natural freshwater drainage in southwestern Florida estuaries, pp. 238–255. In Proc. Int. Sympos. on Biol, and Management Mangroves.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holdridge, L.R. 1940. Some notes on the mangrove swamps of Puerto Rico. Carib. Forester 1: 19–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamale, B.B. and Joshi, G.V. 1976. Physiological studies in senescent leaves of mangroves. Indian J. Exptl. Biol. 14: 697–699.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joshi, G. V., Jamale, B. B., Bhosale, L. J. 1975. Ion regulation in mangroves, pp. 595–607. In Inter. Sympos. on Biol, and Management Mangroves.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joshi, G. V., Shinde, S. D. 1978. Ecogeographical studies. Terekhol and Vashisti Rivers. Shivaji Univ. Press, Kolhapur, India. 56 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kimball, M. Teas, H. J. 1975. Nitrogen fixation in mangroves areas of South Florida, pp. 654–661. In Proc. First Internat. Symp. on Biology and Management of Mangroves. Univ. Florida Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lang, A. 1974. The effects of herbicides in South Vietnam. Part A. National Academy of Sciences, Wash., DC 372 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lugo, A. E., Snedaker, S. C. 1974. The ecology of mangroves. Ann. Rev. Ecology and Systematics 5: 39–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacCaughey, V. 1917. The mangrove in the Hawaiian Islands. Hawaiian Forestry Agr. 14: 361–366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macnae, W. 1974. Mangrove forests and fisheries. Reports IOFC, International Indian Ocean Fisheries Survey and Development Programme, No. 74 / 34. 35 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mallery, C.M., Teas, H. J. 1979. Sodium and Chloride distribution and root cellular compartments in the mangroves Rhizophora mangle and Avicennia germinans. In press. 13 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mattox, N. T. 1949. Studies on the biology of the edible oyster, Ostrea rhizophorae Guilding, in Puerto Rico. Ecological Monographs 19: 339–356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGill, J. T. 1958. Map of coastal landforms of the world. Geograph. Reviews 48: 402–405.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McMillan, C. 1971. Environmental factors affecting seedling establishment of the black mangrove on the central Texas coast. Ecology 52: 927–930.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McMillan, C. 1975 a. Adaptive differentiation to chilling in mangrove populations, pp. 62–68. In Internat. Symp. on Biology and Management of Mangroves. Univ. Florida Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McMillan, C. 1975b. Interaction of soil texture with salinity toler¬ance of black mangrove (Avicennia) and white mangrove (Laguncularia) from North America, pp. 561–566. In Internat. Symp. on Biology and Management of Mangroves. Univ. Florida Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, P.C. 1972. Bioclimate, leaf temperature, and primary pro¬duction in red mangrove canopies in south Florida. Ecology 53: 22–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moorman, F.R. and Pons, L.J. 1975. Characteristics of mangrove soils in relation to their agricultural land use and potential, pp. 529– 547. In Internat. Symposium on Biology and Management of Mangroves.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morton, J.F. 1965. Can the red mangrove provide food, feed and fertilizer? Economic Botany JL9: 113–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nestler, J. 1977. Interstitial salinity as a cause of ecophenic variations in Spartina alterniflora. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science 5_: 707–714.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noakes, D. S. P. 1955. Methods of increasing growth and obtaining re-generation of the mangrove type of Malaya. Malayan Forest. 18: 23–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Odum, W. E., Heald, E.J. 1972. Trophic analyses of an estuarine mangrove community. Bulletin Marine Science 22: 671–738.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pannier, P. F. 1959. El efecto de distintas concentraciones salinas sobre el desarrolo de Rhizophora mangle L. Acta Cient. Venozolana, Caracas 10: 68–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pethick, J. S. 1974. The distribution of salt pans in tidal salt marshes. Journal of Biogeography 1: 57–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pitman, M. G. 1963. The determination of the salt relations of the cytoplasmic phase in cells of beet root tissue. Australian J. of Biological Science 6: 647–668.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pool, D. J., Lugo, A. E., Snedaker, S. C. 1975. Litter production in mangrove forests of southern Florida and Puerto Rico. pp. 213–237. In Internat. Symp. on Biology and Management of Mangroves. Univ. Florida Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Provost, M. W. 1973. Salt marsh management in Florida. Proc. Tall Timbers Conference on Ecological Control by Habitat Management, pp. 5–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rabinowitz, D. 1975. Planting experiments in mangrove swamps of Panama, pp. 385–393. In Internat. Symp. on Biology and Management of Mangroves. Univ. of Florida Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reark, J. B. 1975. A history of the colonization of mangroves on a tract of land on Biscayne Bay, Florida, pp. 776–804. In Internat. Symp. on Biology and Management of Mangroves. Univ. Florida Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scholander, P. F. 1968. How mangroves desalinate seawater. Physiologia Plantarum 21: 258–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scholander, P. F., Bradstreet, E. D., Hammel, H. T., Hemmingsen, E. A. 1966. Sap concentrations in halophytes and some other plants. Plant Physiology 41: 529–532.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scholander, P. F., Dam, L. van, Scholander, S. I. 1955. Gas exchange in the roots of mangroves. Amer. J. of Botany 42: 92–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scholander, P. F., Hammel, H. T., Bradstreet, E. D. Hemmingsen, E. A. 1965. Sap pressure in vascular plants. Science 148: 339–346.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Scholander, P. F., Hammel, H. T., Hemmingsen, E., Garey, W. 1962. Salt balance in mangroves. Plant Physiology 37: 722–729.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scholl, D. W. 1965. High interstitial water chlorinity in estuarine mangrove swamps, Florida. Nature 207: 284–285.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Schuster, W. H. 1952. Fish culture in brackish water ponds of Java. Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council Spec. Public., No. 1, pp. 1–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, S. 1958. The role of light in the growth of root primordia in the stem of the lombardy poplar, pp. 445–465. In The Physiology of Forest Trees.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, G., Ross, N. 1977. How to build a floating tire breakwater. Information Bull. No. 1. Univ. Maine/Univ. New Hampshire Coop. Inst. Sea Grant Program. 12 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shisler, J. K., Jobbins, D. M. 1977. Salt marsh productivity as affected by the selective ditching technique, open marsh water management. Mosquito News 37: 631–636.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steenis, C. G. G. J. van. 1962. The distribution of mangrove plant genera and its significance for paleogeography. Koninkl. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. Ser. C. 65: 164–169.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoddart, D. R., Bryan, G. W., Gibbs, P. E. 1973. Inland mangroves and water chemistry, Barbuda, West Indies. J. Natural History 7: 33–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teas, H.J. 1974. Mangroves of Biscayne Bay. Mimeo. Dade County. 107 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teas, H. J. 1976. Productivity of Biscayne Bay mangroves, pp. 103–113. In Biscayne Bay; Past, Present and Future. Univ. of Miami Sea Grant Spec. Report 5, University of Miami.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teas, H. J. 1977. Ecology and restoration of mangrove shorelines in Florida. Environ. Conservation 4–: 51–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teas, H. J. 1979. Stresses on the mangroves of Guayanilla Bay. Proc. Puerto Rico Mangrove Conf. In Press. 10 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teas, H.J. and Handler, S. 1978. Notes on the pollination biology Rhizophora mangle L. Proc. Internat. Symp. on Marine Biogeography and Evolution in the southern Hemisphere. In press. Dept. Scientific and Industrial Research. New Zealand.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teas, H. J., Jurgens, W. 1978. Aerial planting of Rhizophora mangrove propagules in Floria. Proc. Fifth Annual Conf. on Restoration Coastal Vegetation in Florida. Hillsborough Com. College, Tampa, Florida. In Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teas, H. J., Jurgens, W., Kimball, M. C. 1975. Plantings of red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle L.) in Charlotte and St. Lucie Counties, Florida, pp. 132–161. In. Proc. Second Annual Conf. on Restoration of Coastal Vegetation in Florida. Hillsborough Com. Coll., Tampa, Florida.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teas, H.J., Wanless, H.R. and Chardon, R. 1976. Effects of man on the shore vegetation of Biscayne Bay. pp. 133–156. In Biscayne Bay; Past, Present and Future. University of Miami Sea Grant Spec. Report No. 5, Univ. of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ungar, I.A. 1974. Inland halophytes in the United States, pp. 235– 305. In Ecology of Halophytes. Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Untawale, A.G., Balasubramian, T. and Wafar, M.V.M. 1977. Structure and production in a detritus rich estuarine mangrove swamp. Mahasagar-Bulletin of the National Institute of Oceanography 10: 173–177.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vu Van Cuong, H. 1964. Flore et vegetation de la mangrove de la region de Saigon-Cap Saint Jaques, Sur Viet-Nam. These Doct., Univ. Paris, 199 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wadsworth, F.H. 1959. Growth and regeneration of white mangrove in Puerto Rico. Caribbean Forester 20: 59–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, G.E. 1974. Mangroves: A Review, pp. 51–174. In Ecology of Halophytes. Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walter, H. and Steiner, M. 1936. Die Okologie der Ost-Afrikanischen Mangroven. Zeit. Botan. 30: 65–193.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, J.D. 1928. Mangrove forests of the Malaya peninsula. Malayan Forest. 6: 1–275.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zahran, M.A. 1975. Biogeography of the mangrove vegetation along the Red Sea coasts, pp. 43–51. In Internat. Symp. on the Biology and the Management of Mangroves. Univ. of Florida Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biology Department, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, USA

    Howard J. Teas

Authors
  1. Howard J. Teas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Associated Universities, Inc., Washington, D.C., USA

    Alexander Hollaender

  2. National Science Foundation, USA

    James C. Aller  & Oskar R. Zaborsky  & 

  3. University of California, Davis, USA

    Emanuel Epstein

  4. Indiana University, USA

    Anthony San Pietro

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1979 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Teas, H.J. (1979). Silviculture with Saline Water. In: Hollaender, A., Aller, J.C., Epstein, E., San Pietro, A., Zaborsky, O.R. (eds) The Biosaline Concept. Environmental Science Research, vol 14. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3021-9_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3021-9_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-3023-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-3021-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation