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Stem Cell Pathways in Brain Tumors

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Neural Development and Stem Cells

Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

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Abstract

Malignant brain tumors (including medulloblastoma, ependymoma, and high-grade gliomas) are among the most lethal cancers and are associated with poor survival rates despite advances in basic science and clinical management. These tumors are surgically removed when possible and treated with radiation and chemotherapy, however they often recur due to their infiltrative nature and a fraction of cells that is refractory to therapy. These resistant cells have self-renewal properties along with the ability to propagate a heterogeneous tumor upon transplantation in a mouse model and have been termed cancer stem cells. Cancer stem cells within the brain have been shown to be resistant to therapies including radiation and chemotherapy and rely on stem cell signaling pathways to promote their self-renewal. In addition to brain tumors, cancer stem cells have been identified in a variety of other solid tumors and provide an additional conceptual link between cancer and developmental biology that is likely to generate insight into both fields. Here we will discuss the basic biology of cancer stem cells within malignant brain tumors, provide an update on intrinsic and extrinsic pathways that regulate cancer stem cell maintenance, and outline the technology associated with enrichment strategies for cancer stem cells and the use of genetic animal models.

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Acknowledgments

We sincerely apologize to those whose work we were unable to discuss due to space limitations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Justin D. Lathia & Meizhang Li

  2. Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Virginie Bonnamain & Jeremy N. Rich

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  1. Justin D. Lathia
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  2. Meizhang Li
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  3. Virginie Bonnamain
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  4. Jeremy N. Rich
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Correspondence to Justin D. Lathia .

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  1. Life Technologies, Executive Way 7335, Frederick, 21704, Maryland, USA

    Mahendra S. Rao

  2. Carpenter Group Consulting, Inc., 28870 237th PL SE, Black Diamond, 98010, Washington, USA

    Melissa Carpenter

  3. Life Technologies, Executive Way 7335, Frederick, 21704, Maryland, USA

    Mohan C. Vemuri

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Lathia, J.D., Li, M., Bonnamain, V., Rich, J.N. (2012). Stem Cell Pathways in Brain Tumors. In: Rao, M., Carpenter, M., Vemuri, M. (eds) Neural Development and Stem Cells. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3801-4_13

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