Abstract
The world of particles is fascinating and still open. According to the Standard Model of elementary particles, there exist three types of elementary particles, i.e., the leptons (which include the electron, the muon, the tau and the three corresponding neutrinos, νe, νμ, ντ), the quarks, which are the constituents of hadrons, and the mediators which include the photons and the bosons. Several intriguing questions remain open regarding our inability to isolate and study quarks or to explain the huge uncertainties we have about their masses. Neutrinos exist in extreme abundance in our Universe and may have a significant role in several phenomena. Neutrino oscillations, discovered and studied intensively during the last fifteen years, are fascinating and have shown conclusively that neutrinos are not massless, as assumed in the Standard Model, but instead have masses in the 0.1 eV ∕ c 2 range.
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Vayenas, C.G., Souentie, S.NA. (2012). The World of Particles and the Standard Model. In: Gravity, Special Relativity, and the Strong Force. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3936-3_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3936-3_4
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