Abstract
Fescue toxicosis and perennial ryegrass staggers are two of the most common toxic plant diseases plaguing livestock in the United States, and result from consumption of forage containing the endophyte-produced mycotoxins ergovaline and lysergic acid (fescue toxicosis) and lolitrem B (ryegrass staggers). Our group has developed analytical assays for detecting these compounds, which serve a dual purpose (1) high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence assays are used to measure these compounds in feed material in order to promote “safe feed” through diagnostic testing in a service laboratory environment, and (2) highly sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assays are utilized to study the fate and metabolism of these compounds in a diversity of livestock matrices so that a more refined understanding as to the etiology of the diseases these compounds cause can be achieved. A discussion applying these techniques to both current and anticipated studies is given, with an emphasis on impacts to trade and food safety regulation.
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Abbreviations
- HPLC:
-
High-performance liquid chromatography
- LC-MS/MS:
-
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
- SPE:
-
Solid phase extraction
- DCM:
-
Dichloromethane
- ACN:
-
Acetonitrile
- LOD:
-
Limit of detection
- LOQ:
-
Limit of quantitation
- ELISA:
-
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- ESI(+):
-
Electrospray ionization in the positive ion mode
- MRM:
-
Multiple reaction monitoring
- APCI(+):
-
Positive atmospheric pressure chemical ionization
- ppb:
-
Parts per billion
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Acknowledgments
Funding for studies conducted in the authors’ laboratories was provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (58-6227-8-044) and the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station (project ORE00871). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
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Duringer, J.M., Murty, L., Craig, A.M. (2013). Endophyte Mycotoxins in Animal Health. In: Gang, D. (eds) Phytochemicals, Plant Growth, and the Environment. Recent Advances in Phytochemistry, vol 42. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4066-6_3
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