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Epidemiology of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease

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Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease

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Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises of two chronic inflammatory conditions—Crohn’s disease (CD) and Ulcerative colitis (UC) with some overlap. They are thought to occur as an immune dysregulated response to either commensal gut flora or to environmental triggers, manifesting most commonly in the second and third decade of life. However, 25 % of these chronic digestive conditions start in the pediatric age group, with 4 % occurring in younger than 5 years of age; 10,000 new cases are being diagnosed annually. Increasing incidence of IBD is reported from across the world, with higher rates of increase for CD than UC. Environmental triggers like smoking, better living conditions (hygiene hypothesis), infectious agents, commensal bacteria, appendectomy, drugs, and dietary exposure have all been implicated as a potential cause for the increasing incidence of IBD across the world. Emerging data suggesting specific serum and immunogenetic markers has been reported predicting disease course and severity, and potentially response to therapy. This may enable us to individualize therapy, selecting aggressive biological medications for more complicated disease phenotype, minimizing exposure to toxicities and side effects. Utilization of newer disease descriptive techniques like geographical disease pattern analysis and geographical information systems spatial analytic technology, referred to as geocoding, may provide innovative ways of epidemiologic analysis, contributing to our understanding of these diseases. All of these newer descriptive tools place us at the threshold of exciting discoveries and insight into the pathogenesis of these intriguing conditions that afflict almost 1.2 million US residents, 100,000 of them being children.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Shehzad Saeed MD

  2. Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Subra Kugathasan MD

  3. Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emory Children’s Center, 2015, Uppergate Drive, Room 248, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA

    Subra Kugathasan MD

Authors
  1. Shehzad Saeed MD
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  2. Subra Kugathasan MD
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Correspondence to Subra Kugathasan MD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Perelman School of Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 34th St. & Civic Ctr. Blvd., Philadelphia, 19104, Pennsylvania, USA

    Petar Mamula

  2. School of Medicine--Greenville, Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition, University of South Carolina, 200 Patewood Drive, Suite A-140, Greenville, 29615, South Carolina, USA

    Jonathan E. Markowitz

  3. Perelman School of Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 34th St. & Civic Ctr. Blvd., Philadelphia, 19104, Pennsylvania, USA

    Robert N. Baldassano

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Saeed, S., Kugathasan, S. (2013). Epidemiology of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. In: Mamula, P., Markowitz, J., Baldassano, R. (eds) Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5061-0_5

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