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Molecular Pathogenesis of Bladder Cancer

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The Urinary Tract

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Abstract

The most common variant of bladder cancer in Western countries is urothelial carcinoma (UCC), formerly known as “transitional cell carcinoma,” which has significant health costs and morbidity [1,2]. This neoplasm has two distinct clinical presentations: approximately 30 % of UCs are muscle invasive (MIUC), while the remainder present with nonmuscle-invasive disease (NMIUC). These are not mere pathological distinctions, but rather two distinct clinical entities, which show different outcomes and are therefore treated differently. For instance, NMIUC (corresponding to stages Ta, Tis, and T1) is generally treated by endoscopic transurethral tumor resection, which may be followed by intravesical immunotherapy or chemotherapy. This approach generally results in good outcomes, with 85 % 10-year disease-specific survival for Ta, and 70 % for T1 stage disease [3]. On the contrary, patients with MIUC are generally treated with radical cystectomy and bilateral pelvic iliac lymphadenectomy, which can be preceded or followed by chemotherapy [4]. In spite of this more aggressive treatment, however, approximately half of the patients in this group will experience treatment failure within 2 years [4].

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, The Koch Cancer Research Building, Suite 1M52, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA

    Luigi Marchionni

  2. University of Colorado Cancer Center, Consortium Comprehensive Cancer Center, 13001 E. 17th Pl. MS #F-434, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA

    Dan Theodorescu

Authors
  1. Luigi Marchionni
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  2. Dan Theodorescu
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Correspondence to Luigi Marchionni .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, 44195, Ohio, USA

    Donna E. Hansel

  2. Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, 94305, California, USA

    Jesse K. McKenney

  3. Glickman Urologic and Kidney Institute, Section of Urologic Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, 44195, Ohio, USA

    Andrew J. Stephenson

  4. Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, 37232-2765, Tennessee, USA

    Sam S. Chang

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© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Marchionni, L., Theodorescu, D. (2012). Molecular Pathogenesis of Bladder Cancer. In: Hansel, D., McKenney, J., Stephenson, A., Chang, S. (eds) The Urinary Tract. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5320-8_18

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5320-8_18

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  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-5320-8

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