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Oncolytic Viruses and the Eradication of Drug-Resistant Tumor Cells

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Targeted Cancer Treatment in Silico

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Abstract

The main objective of oncolytic virus therapy described so far is the successful control or elimination of the tumor. Here, we describe an alternative goal of virus therapy in case the virus fails to eradicate the tumor. The virus can be used to “pre-treat” the cancer and specifically drive drug-resistant mutants extinct. This prepares the ground for subsequent drug treatment, which can then successfully drive the tumor into remission without resistance-induced failure. The key to this concept is that many drug-resistant mutants suffer a fitness cost compared to the susceptible cells in the absence of the drug. When the virus is introduced before the drug, then the less fit resistant cells share an enemy, the virus, with the fitter susceptible cells. In this case, apparent competition can occur, which can lead to exclusion of the inferior type even though coexistence occurs without the virus. Therefore, apparent competition, mediated by the oncolytic virus, can drive drug-resistant mutant cells extinct that would otherwise be present before treatment, and prepare the tumor for subsequent successful drug therapy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA

    Natalia L. Komarova

  2. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA

    Dominik Wodarz

Authors
  1. Natalia L. Komarova
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  2. Dominik Wodarz
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Correspondence to Natalia L. Komarova .

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Komarova, N.L., Wodarz, D. (2014). Oncolytic Viruses and the Eradication of Drug-Resistant Tumor Cells. In: Targeted Cancer Treatment in Silico. Modeling and Simulation in Science, Engineering and Technology. Birkhäuser, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8301-4_15

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