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Endocrine Hypertension

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Endocrinology and Diabetes

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Abstract

Hypertension is an important public health challenge worldwide. The reported prevalence of hypertension varies around the world, with the lowest prevalence in rural India (3.4 % in men and 6.8 % in women) and the highest in Poland (68.9 % in men and 72.5 % in women) (Kearney et al., J Hypertens 22:11–9, 2004). In the United States, the prevalence of hypertension reaches 30.5 % among men and 28.5 % among women (Guo et al., J Am Coll Cardiol 60:599–606, 2012). In Brazil, according to the Surveillance of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases Telephone Interviews (Vigitel 2009), hypertension was reported on by 24.4 % of the adult Brazilian population, with higher prevalence in women (27.2 % versus 21.1 % in men) (Iser et al., Rev Bras Epidemiol 14(Suppl 1):90–102, 2011). In most cases, the disease is considered essential or idiopathic, with no etiology identified, but approximately 15 % of hypertensive individuals have secondary hypertension, including renal and endocrine causes.

Endocrine hypertension arises mainly from adrenal diseases, such as pheochromocytoma, primary aldosteronism, hyperdeoxycorticosteronism, and Cushing’s syndrome, but it can also be related to acromegaly, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, and hyperparathyroidism. The diagnosis of endocrine hypertension provides a distinct perspective for the patient, opening the possibility to achieve cure or dramatic improvement of the high blood pressure by surgical or medical therapies (Sukor, Eur J Intern Med 22:433–40, 2011). In this chapter, we review the management of the more common disorders associated with endocrine hypertension.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Endocrine Division (SEMPR), Department of Internal Medicine, Parana Federal University, Agostinho Leao Junior, 285, Curitiba, PR, 80030-110, Brazil

    Cesar Luiz Boguszewski M.D., Ph.D.

  2. Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Parana Federal University, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil

    Alexandre Alessi M.D., Ph.D.

  3. Kidney Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Parana Federal University, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil

    Mauricio Carvalho M.D., Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Cesar Luiz Boguszewski M.D., Ph.D.
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  2. Alexandre Alessi M.D., Ph.D.
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  3. Mauricio Carvalho M.D., Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Cesar Luiz Boguszewski M.D., Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Professor Associado e Livre-Docente, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Ciências Medicas da Universidade de Pernambuco, Chefe da Divisão de Endocrinologia e Diabetes do Hospital Agamenon, Magalhães-MS/UPE, Recife, Brazil

    Francisco Bandeira

  2. American Thyroid Association Past President, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, Professor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine President-Elect, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

    Hossein Gharib

  3. Federal Foundation and School of Medical Sciences, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    Airton Golbert

  4. Department of Medicine, University of Pernambuco School of Medicine, Recife, Brazil

    Luiz Griz

  5. Department of Medicine, University of Maranhao School of Medicine, Sao Luis, Brazil

    Manuel Faria

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Boguszewski, C.L., Alessi, A., Carvalho, M. (2014). Endocrine Hypertension. In: Bandeira, F., Gharib, H., Golbert, A., Griz, L., Faria, M. (eds) Endocrinology and Diabetes. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8684-8_12

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