Abstract
There are conflicting views on the functional importance of the system of C3-C4 propriospinal neurones in the macaque, although the two sets of observations from the opposing laboratories are actually quite similar, both making the system appear much weaker than its well-known equivalent in the cat One group asserts, mainly via evidence derived from experiments with strychnine, that this is a consequence simply of inhibition of the propriospinal neurone. However, we ague here that this judgement is premature and that much more needs to be known about the neurones involved and their connectivity before the analogy with the system in the cat is safe. This is particularly important because of a similar analogy which has been made with respect to measurements in human subjects.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alstermark,B., lsa, T., Ohki, Y., and Saito., 1999, Disynaptic pyramidal excitation in forelimb motoneurons mediated via C3-C4propriospinal neurons in theMacaca fuscata,Journal of Neurophysiology, 82, 3580–3585.
Alstermark, B., and Kummel, H., 1990, Transneuronal transport of wheatgerm agglutinin conjugated horseradish peroxidase into last order spinal interneurones projecting to acromio-and spinodeltoideus motoneurones in the cat. 1. Location of labelled interneurones and influence of synaptic activity on the transneuronal transportExperimental Brain Research80, 83–95.
Alstermark, B., Kummel, H., Pinter, M.J., and Tantisira, B., 1990, Integration in descending motor pathways controlling the forelimb in the cat. 17. Axonal projection and termination of C3–C4 propriospinal neurones in the C6-Th I segmentsExperimental Brain Research81, C3–C4.
Alstermark, B., Lindström, S., Lundberg, A., and Sybirska, E., 1981, Integration in descending motor pathways controlling the forelimb in the cat. 8. Ascending projection to the lateral reticular nucleus from C3–C4 propriospinal neurones also projecting to forelimb motoneuronesExperimental Brain Research42, C3–C4.
Alstermark, B., and Lundberg, A., The C3–C4 propriospinal system: target-reaching and food-taking, in:Muscle Afferents and Spinal Control of MovementL. Jami, E. Pierrrot-Deseilligny and D. Zytnicki, eds., Pergamon, Oxford, pp. C3–C4.
Alstermark, B., Lundberg, A., and Sasaki, S., 1984a, Integration in descending motor pathways controlling the forelimb in the cat. 11. Inhibitory pathways from higher motor centres and forelimb afferents to C3–C4 propriospinal neuronesExperimental Brain Research56, C3–C4.
Alstermark, B., Lundberg, A., and Sasaki, S., 1984b, Integration in descending motor pathways controlling the forelimb in the cat. 12. Interneurones which may mediate descending feed-forward inhibition and feedback inhibition from the forelimb to C3–C4 propriospinal neuronesExperimental Brain Research 56C3–C4
Alstermark, B., and Sasaki, S., 1986a, Integration in descending motor pathways controlling the forelimb in the cat. 14. Differential projection to fast and slow motoneurones from excitatory C3–C4 propriospinal neuronesExperimental Brain Research 63C3–C4.
Alstermark, B., and Sasaki, S., 1986b, Integration in descending motor pathways controlling the forelimb in the cat. 15. Comparison of the projection from excitatory C3–C4 propriospinal neurones to different species of forelimb motoneuronesExperimental Brain Research63, C3–C4.
Holmqvist, B. and Lundberg, A., 1961, Differential supraspinal control of synaptic actions evoked by volleys in the flexion reflex afferents in alpha motoneuronesActa Physiologica Scandinavica54, suppl. 186.
Illert, M., and Tanaka, R., 1978, Integration in descending motor pathways controlling the forelimb in the cat. 4. Corticospinal inhibition of forelimb motoneurones mediated by short propriospinal neuronesExperimental Brain Research 31131–141.
Lemon, R.N., Kirkwood, P.A., Maier, M.A., Nakajima, K., and Nathan, P., 2002, Direct and indirect pathways for corticospinal control of upper limb motoneurones in the primate, inBrain Mechanisms for the Integration of Posture and MovementS. Mori, D.G. Stuart, M. Wiesendanger, eds., Progress in Brain Research, Elsevier, Amsterdam (Submitted).
Maier, M.A., Illert. M., Kirkwood., P,A., Nielsen, J., and Lemon, R.N., 1998, Does a C3–C4 propriospinal system transmit corticospinal excitation in the primate? An investigation in the macaque monkeyJournal of Physiology511, C3–C4.
Nakajima, K, Maier, M.A., Kirkwood, P.A., and Lemon, R.N., 2000, Striking differences in transmission of corticospinal excitation to upper limb motoneurons in two primate speciesJournal of Neurophysiology 84 698–709.
Olivier, E., Baker, S.N., Nakajima, K., Brochier, T., and Lemon, R.N., 2001, Investigation into nonmonosynaptic corticospinal excitation of macaque upper limb single motor unitsJournal of Neurophysiology86, 1573–1586.
Pauvert, V., Pierrot-Desilligny, E., and Rothwell, J.C., 1998, Role of spinal premotoneurones in mediating corticospinal input to forearm motoneurones in manJournal of Physiology508, 310–312.
Perlmutter, S.I., Maier, M.A., and Fetz, E.E., 1998, Activity of spinal interneurons and their effects on forearm muscles during voluntary wrist movements in the monkeyJournal of Neurophysiology80, 2475–2494.
Pierrot-Desilligny, E., 1996, Transmission of the cortical command for human voluntary movement through cervical premotoneuronesProgress in Neurobiology48, 489–517.
Prut, Y., and Fetz, E.E., 1999, Primate interneurons show pre-movement instructed delay activityNature401, 590–594.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kirkwood, P.A., Maier, M.A., Lemon, R.N. (2002). Interspecies Comparisons for the C3-C4 Propriospinal System: Unresolved Issues. In: Gandevia, S.C., Proske, U., Stuart, D.G. (eds) Sensorimotor Control of Movement and Posture. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 508. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0713-0_35
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0713-0_35
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5206-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-0713-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive