Abstract
Higher plant plastids contain multiple copies of a circular genome which encodes between 120 to 140 genes1,2,3. Many of these genes encode proteins or RNAs involved in transcription or translation. Among this group of genes are rpoA, rpoB, rpoC1, and rpoC2 which encode RNA polymerase subunits, 18 genes encoding ribosomal proteins, 4 rRNA-encoding genes and 30 tRNA genes. Another large group of plastid genes encode proteins involved in photosynthesis. These include rbcL, which encodes the large subunit of Rubisco, psaA, psaB and psaC which encode subunits of Photosystem I (PSI), psbA through psbF and psbH through psbN, which encode subunits of Photosystem II (PSII), and other genes encoding proteins of the chloroplast ATP synthase and cytochrome b6/f complexes. While the plastid genome contributes subunits to Rubisco and the electron transport units, these complexes also contain proteins encoded by nuclear genes. As a consequence, biosynthesis of these protein complexes requires coordination of plastid and nuclear gene expression.
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Mullet, J.E., Rapp, J.C., Baumgartner, B.J., Berends-Sexton, T., Christopher, D.A. (1991). Regulation of Chloroplast Biogenesis in Barley. In: Herrmann, R.G., Larkins, B.A. (eds) Plant Molecular Biology 2. NATO ASI Series, vol 212. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3304-7_42
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3304-7_42
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