Abstract
The importance of the early embryonic mesoderm for peripheral nerve segmentation was amplified some five years ago at the NATO Advanced Workshop on Somite Development (Keynes and Stern, 1986). In the course of normal development, motor and sensory axons emerge in register with the somites, and are arranged in a repeating pattern along the longitudinal axis of the embryo. Earlier this century, studies of spinal nerve development had not been particularly concerned with identifying exactly where they arise in relation to individual somites. More recently, Keynes and Stern (1984), from an examination of whole-mounted embryos stained with zinc iodide - osmium tetroxide, drew attention to the fact that the developing axons cross only the anterior half-sclerotome. This not only confirmed the descriptions of the last century but was important because, by means of a series of surgical manipulations performed on the developing embryo (reviewed by Keynes and Stern, 1986), it was shown that peripheral nerve segmentation results from differences between anterior and posterior half-sclerotome cells. Keynes and Stern (1986) could only speculate, however, on what these differences are likely to be in molecular terms. The purpose of the present contribution is to survey what is now known about molecular differences existing between the two populations of cells that may explain why axons are confined to the anterior half of the somite.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bird, G. W. G., 1964, “Anti-T in peanuts”. Vox Sang. 9: 748–749.
Burrows, M. T., 1911, The growth of tissue of the chick embryo outside the animal body with special reference to the nervous system, J. Exp. Zool. 115: 44–55.
Cook, G. M. W., 1986, Cell surface carbohydrates: molecules in search of a function? J. Cell Sci. Suppl. 4: 45–70.
Cook, G. M. W., Davies, J. A. and Keynes, R. J., 1991, Growth cone collapse: a simple assay for monitoring cell-cell repulsion, in: Cell Signalling: Experimental strategies, E. Reid, G. M. W. Cook and J. P. Luzio, eds. pp 359–366. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge.
Davies, J. A., Cook, G. M. W., Stern, C. D. and Keynes, R.J., 1990, Isolation from chick somites of a glycoprotein fraction that causes collapse of dorsal root ganglion growth cones, Neuron 4: 11–20.
Hill, H. D., Reynolds, J. A. and Hill, R. L., 1977, Purification, composition, molecular weight, and subunit structure of ovine submaxillary mucin, J. Biol. Chem. 252: 3791–3798.
Kapfhammer, J. P. and Raper, J. A., 1987, Interactions between growth cones and neurites from different neuronal tissues in culture, J. Neurosci. 7: 1595–1600.
Keynes, R. J. and Stern, C. D., 1984, Segmentation in the vertebrate nervous system, Nature 310: 786–789.
Keynes, R. J. and Stern, C. D., 1986, Somites and neural development, in: Somites in Developing Embryos, R. Bellairs, D.A. Ede and J.W. Lash, eds. pp 289–299, Plenum, New York.
Lotan, R., Skutelsky, E., Danon, D. and Sharon, N., 1975, The purification, composition and specificity of the anti-T lectin from peanut ( Arachis hypogaea ), J. Biol. Chem. 250: 8518–8523.
Oakley, R. A. and Tosney, K. W., 1991, Peanut agglutinin and chondroitin-6-sulfate are molecular markers for tissues that act as barriers to axon advance in the avian embryo, Dev. Biol. 147: 187–206.
Raper, J. A. and Kapfhammer, J. P., 1990, The enrichment of a neuronal growth cone collapsing activity from embryonic chick brain, Neuron 4: 21–29.
Rose, M. C., Voter, W. A., Sage, H., Brown, C. F. and Kaufman, B., 1983, Effects of deglycosylation on the architecture of ovine submaxillary mucin glycoprotein, J. Biol.Chem. 259: 3167–3172.
Rutishauser, U., Watanabe, M., Silver, J., Troy, F. A. and Vimr, E.R., 1985, Specific alteration of N CAM-mediated cell adhesion by an endoneuraminidase, J. Cell Biol. 101: 1842–1849.
Siegelman, M., 1991, Sweetening the selectin pot, Current Biology 1: 125–128.
Stern, C.D., Sisodiya, S.M. and Keynes, R.J., 1986, Interactions between neurites and somite cells: inhibition and stimulation of nerve growth in the chick embyro, J. Embryol exp. Morph. 91: 209–226.
Stern, C.D. and Keynes, R.J., 1987, Interactions between somite cells: the formation and maintenance of segment boundaries in the chick embryo, Development, 99: 261–272.
Surolia, A., Mahanta, S.K. and Sastry, M.V.K., 1989, Thermodynamics of saccharide binding of Artocarpus integrifolia reveals its exquisite specificity for Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen, p394, Proceedings Xth International Symposium on Glycoconjugates, Jerusalem, Israel.
Tarentino, A.L., Gomez, C.M. and Plummer, T.H., Jr., 1985, Deglycosylation of asparagine-linked glycans by peptide: N-glycosidase F, Biochemistry, 24: 4665–4671.
Tosney, K.W., 1988, Proximal tissues and patterned neurite outgrowth at the lumbosacral level of the chick embryo: partial and complete deletion of the somite, Dev. Biol. 127: 266–286.
Umemoto, J., Bhavanandan, V.P. and Davidson, E.A., 1976, Purification and properties of an endo-a-N-acetyl-Dgalactosaminidase from Diplococcus pneumoniae, J. Biol. Chem. 252: 8609–8614.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Cook, G.M.W., Keynes, R.J. (1992). Relations Between Mesodermal and Neural Segmentation. In: Bellairs, R., Sanders, E.J., Lash, J.W. (eds) Formation and Differentiation of Early Embryonic Mesoderm. NATO ASI Series, vol 231. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3458-7_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3458-7_16
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6531-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-3458-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive