Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Functional Organization of the Amphibian Oocyte Nucleus

  • Chapter
Oogenesis

Part of the book series: Developmental Biology ((DEBO,volume 1))

Abstract

Nuclei of amphibian oocytes (“germinal vesicles”) can grow to considerable size. For example, the nucleus of a mature Xenopus laevis oocyte has a diameter of about 0.5 mm and, after isolation, can be seen with the naked eye. This exceptional size (for comparison, the diameter of somatic cell nuclei usually ranges from 5 to 30 μm), the ease and rapidity with which they can be manually isolated, and the occurrence of lampbrush chromosomes and amplified nucleoli makes amphibian nuclei choice material not only for studies of chromosome structure and genetic activity at different levels of resolution, but also for analysis of the biochemical composition of individual nuclei and nuclear components as well. A single manually isolated nucleus from an amphibian oocyte is sufficient to analyze its major protein constituents by gel electrophoresis, and a few nuclei provide sufficient RNA for analysis by gel electrophoresis or electron microscopic spreading methods. In addition, the size of amphibian oocyte nuclei greatly facilitates the introduction of certain substances by microinjection. In fact, Xenopus oocytes are presently used in numerous laboratories as “living test tubes” to study the expression of cloned DNA sequences after microinjection into their nuclei with the aim of identifying those DNA sequences necessary for transcriptional initiation and termination events, as well as the factors involved in gene regulation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ackerman, E. J., 1983, Molecular cloning and sequencing of OAX DNA: An abundant gene family transcribed and activated in Xenopus oocytes,EMBO J. 2:1417–1422.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, D. M., Richter, J. D., Chamberlin, M. E., Price, D. H., Britten, R. J., Smith, L. D., and Davidson, E. H., 1982, Sequence organization of the poly(A) RNA synthesized and accumulated in lampbrush chromosome stage Xenopus laevis oocytes, J. Mol. Biol. 155:281–309.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benavente, R., Krohne, G., Stick, R., and Franke, W. W., 1984a, Electron microscopic immunolocalization of a karyoskeletal protein of molecular weight 145,000 in nucleoli and perinucleolar bodies of Xenopus laevis, Exp. Cell. Res. 151:224–235.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benavente, R., Krohne, G., Schmidt-Zachmann, M. S., Hügle, B., and Franke, W. W., 1984b, Karyoskeletal proteins and the organization of the amphibian oocyte nucleus, J. Cell Sci. (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Beyer, A. L., Bouton, A. H., and Miller, O. L., 1981, Correlation of hnRNP structure and nascent transcript cleavage, Cell 26:155–165.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bona, M., Scheer, U., and Bautz, E. K. F., 1981, Antibodies to RNA polymerase II (B) inhibit transcription in lampbrush chromosomes after microinjection into living amphibian oocytes,J. Mol. Biol. 151:81–99.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonner, W. M., 1978, Protein migration and accumulation in nuclei, in: The Cell Nucleus, Vol. 6 (H. Busch, ed.), pp. 97–148, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Born, G., 1894, Die Struktur des Keimbläschens im Ovarialei von Triton taeniatus, Arch. Mikrosk. Anat. 43:1–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, D. D., and Dawid, I. B. 1968, Specific gene amplification in oocytes, Science 160:272–280.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Callan, H. G., 1982, Lampbrush chromosomes, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 214:417–448.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Callan, H. G., and Lloyd, L., 1960, Lampbrush chromosomes of crested newts Triturus cristatus (Laurenti),Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 243:135–212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Callan, H. G., and Lloyd, L., 1975, Working maps of the lampbrush chromosomes of amphibia, in: Handbook of Genetics, Vol. 4 (R. C. King, ed.), pp. 57–77, Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carnoy, J. B., and Lebrun, H., 1897, La vésicule germinative et les globules polaires, La Cellule 12:191–295.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carnoy, J. B., and Lebrun, H., 1898, La vésicule germinative et les globules polaires, La Cellule 14:113–200.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chooi, W. Y., and Leiby, K. R., 1981, An electron microscopic method for localization of ribosomal proteins during transcription of ribosomal DNA: A method for studying protein assembly, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78:4823–4827.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, T. G., and Rosenbaum, J. L., 1979, An actin filament matrix in hand-isolated nuclei of Xenopus laevis oocytes, Cell 18:1101–1108.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dabauvalle, M.-C., and Franke, W. W., 1982, Karyophilic proteins: Polypeptides synthesized in vitro accumulate in the nucleus on microinjection into the cytoplasm of amphibian oocytes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:5302–5306.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dabauvalle, M.-C., and Franke, W. W., 1984, Karyophobic proteins. A category of abundant soluble proteins which accumulate in the cytoplasm, Exp. Cell Res. 153:308–326.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, E. H., 1976, Gene Activity in Early Development, 2nd ed., Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeRobertis, E. M., 1983, Nucleocytoplasmic segregation of proteins and RNAs, Cell 32:1021–1025.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeRobertis, E. M., and Gurdon, J. B., 1977, Gene activation in somatic nuclei after injection into amphibian oocytes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74:2470–2474.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeRobertis, E. M., Longthorne, R. F., and Gurdon, J. B., 1978, Intracellular migration of nuclear proteins in Xenopus oocytes, Nature 272:254–256.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Diaz, M. O., Barsacchi-Pilone, C., Mahon, K. A., and Gall, J. C., 1981, Transcripts from both strands of a satellite DNA occur on lampbrush chromosome loops of the newt Notophthalmus, Cell 24:649–659.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dingwall, C., Sharnick, S. V., and Laskey, R. A., 1982, A polypeptide domain that specifies migration of nucleoplasmin into the nucleus, Cell 30:449–458.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dumont, J. N., 1972, Oogenesis in Xenopus laevis (Daudin). I. stages of oocyte development in laboratory maintained animals,J. Morphol. 136:153–180.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Egly, J. M., Miyamoto, N., Moncollin, V., and Chambon, P., 1984, Is actin a transcription factor for RNA polymerase B?, EMBO J. 3:2363–2371.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Etkin, L. D., 1982, Analysis of the mechanisms involved in gene regulation and cell differentiation by microinjection of purified genes and somatic cell nuclei into amphibian oocytes and eggs, Differentiation 21:149–159.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feldherr, C. M., and Ogburn, J. A. 1982, The uptake of nuclear proteins in oocytes, in: The Nuclear Envelope and the Nuclear Matrix (G. G. Maul, ed.), pp. 63–74, Alan R. Liss, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forbes, D. J., Kornberg, T. B., and Kirschner, M. W., 1983, Small nuclear RNA transcription and ribonucleoprotein assembly in early Xenopus development, J. Cell Biol. 97:62–72.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ford, P. J., 1972, Ribonucleic acid synthesis during oogenesis in Xenopus laevis, in: Oogenesis (J. D. Biggers and A. W. Schuetz, eds.), pp. 167–191, University Park Press, Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franke, W. W., and Scheer, U., 1970, The ultrastructure of the nuclear envelope of amphibian oocytes: A reinvestigation,J. Ultrastruct. Res. 30:317–327.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Franke, W. W., and Scheer, U., 1974, Structures and functions of the nuclear envelope, in: The CellNucleus, Vol. 1 (H. Busch, ed.), pp. 219–347, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franke, W. W., Scheer, U., Spring, H., Trendelenburg, M. F., and Krohne, G., 1976a, Morphology of transcriptional units of rDNA, Exp. Cell. Res. 100:233–244.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Franke, W. W., Scheer, U., Trendelenburg, M. F., Spring, H., and Zentgraf, H., 1976b, Absence of nucleosomes in transcriptionally active chromatin, Cytohiologie 13:401–434.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franke, W. W., Scheer, U., Trendelenburg, M. F., Zentgraf, H., and Spring, H., 1978, Morphology of transcriptionally active chromatin, Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 42: 755–772.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Franke, W. W., Scheer, U., Spring, H., Trendelenburg, M. F., and Zentgraf, H., 1979, Organization of nucleolar chromatin, in: The Cell Nucleus, Vol. 7 (H. Busch, ed.), pp. 49–95, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franke, W. W., Kleinschmidt, J. A., Spring, H., Krohne, G., Grund, C., Trendelenburg, M. F., Stoehr, M., and Scheer, U., 1981a, A nucleolar skeleton of protein filaments demonstrated in amplified nucleoli of Xenopus laevis,J. Cell Biol. 90:289–299.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Franke, W. W., Scheer, U., Krohne, G., and Jarasch, E. D., 1981b, The nuclear envelope and the architecture of the nuclear periphery,J. Cell Biol. 91:39–50.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gall, J. G., 1966, Techniques for the study of lampbrush chromosomes, in: Methods in Cell Physiology, Vol. 2 (D. M. Prescott, ed.), pp. 37–60, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gall, J. G., Diaz, M. O., Stephenson, E. C., and Mahon, K. A., 1983, The transcription unit of lampbrush chromosomes, in: Gene Structure and Regulation in Development (S. Subtelny and F. C. Kafatos, eds.), pp. 137–146. Alan R. Liss, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Golden, L., Schafer, U., and Rosbash, M., 1980, Accumulation of individual pA+ RNAs during oogenesis in Xenopus laevis, Cell 22:835–844.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gounon, P., and Karsenti, E., 1981, Involvement of contractile proteins in the changes in consistency of oocyte nucleoplasm of the newt Pleurodeles waltlii, J. Cell Biol. 88:410–421.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green, M. R., Maniatis, T., and Melton, D. A., 1983, Human β-globin pre-mRNA synthesized in vitro is accurately spliced in Xenopus oocyte nuclei, Cell 32:681–694.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gurdon, J. B., and Melton, D. A., 1981, Gene transfer in amphibian eggs and oocytes, Annu. Rev. Genet. 15:189–218.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hadjiolov, A. A., 1980, Biogenesis of ribosomes in eukaryotes, in: Subcellular Biochemistry, Vol. 7 (D. B. Roodyn, ed.), pp. 1–80, Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Higashinakagawa, T., 1982, Organization of Xenopus ribosomal genes in chromatin, in: The Cell Nucleus, Vol. 11 (H. Busch and L. Rothblum, eds.), pp. 255–291, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hügle, B., Hazan, R., Scheer, U., and Franke, W. W., 1985, Localization of ribosomal protein S1 in the granular component of the interphase nucleolus and its distribution during mitosis J. Cell Biol, (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamrich, M., Warrior, R., Steele, R., and Gall, J. G., 1983, Transcription of repetitive sequences on Xenopus lampbrush chromosomes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80:3364–3367.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kalthoff, H., and Richter, D., 1982, Subcellular transport and ribosomal incorporation of microinjected protein S6 in oocytes from Xenopus laevis, Biochemistry 21:741–745.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kleinschmidt, J. A., and Franke, W. W., 1982, Soluble acidic complexes containing histones H3 and H4 in nuclei of Xenopus laevis oocytes, Cell 29:799–809.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kleinschmidt, J. A., Scheer, U., Dabauvalle, M.-C., Bustin, M., and Franke, W. W., 1983, High mobility group proteins of amphibian oocytes: A large storage pool of a soluble high mobility group-1-like protein and involvement in transcriptional events,J. Cell Biol. 97:838–848.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kleinschmidt, J. A., Fortkamp, E., Krohne, G., Zentgraf, H., and Franke, W. W., 1985, Co-existence of two different types of soluble histone complexes in nuclei of Xenopus laevis oocytes, J. Biol. Chem. (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Krohne, G., and Franke, W. W., 1980, Immunological identification and localization of the predominant nuclear protein of the amphibian oocyte nucleus, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:1034–1038.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krohne, G., Franke, W. W., and Scheer, U., 1978, The major polypeptides of the nuclear pore complex, Exp. Cell Res. 116:85–102.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krohne, G., Dabauvalle, M.-C., and Franke, W. W., 1981, Cell type-specific differences in protein composition of nuclear pore complex-lamina structures in oocytes and erythrocytes of Xenopus laevis, J. Mol. Biol. 151:121–141.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krohne, G., Stick, R., Kleinschmidt, J. A., Moll, R., Franke, W. W., and Hausen, P., 1982, Immunological localization of a major karyoskeletal protein in nucleoli of oocytes and somatic cells of Xenopus laevis, J. Cell Biol. 94:749–754.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Labhart, P., and Koller, T., 1982, Structure of the active nucleolar chromatin of Xenopus laevis oocytes, Cell 28:279–292.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laskey, R. A., and Earnshaw, W. C., 1980, Nucleosome assembly, Nature 286:763–767.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacGregor, H. C., 1972, The nucleolus and its genes in amphibian oogenesis, Biol. Rev. 47:177–210.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacGregor, H. C., 1980, Recent developments in the study of lampbrush chromosomes, Heredity 44:3–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, T. E., and Okamura, C. S., 1981, Immunocytochemistry of nuclear hnRNP complexes, in: The Cell Nucleus, Vol. 9 (H. Busch, ed.), pp. 119–144, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKnight, S. L., Bustin, M., and Miller, O. L., 1978, Electron microscopic analysis of chromosome metabolism in the Drosophila melanogaster embryo, Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 42:741–754.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, O. L., and Beatty, B. R., 1969, Visualization of nucleolar genes, Science 164:955–957.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, O. L., and Hamkalo, B. A., 1972, Visualization of RNA synthesis on chromosomes, Int. Rev. Cytol. 33:1–25.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, O. L., Beatty, B. R., and Hamkalo, B. A., 1972, Nuclear structure and function during amphibian oogenesis, in: Oogenesis (J. D. Biggers and A. W. Schuetz, eds.), pp. 119–128, University Park Press, Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mills, A. D., Laskey, R. A., Black, P., and DeRobertis, E. M., 1980, An acidic protein which assembles nucleosomes in vitro is the most abundant protein in Xenopus oocyte nuclei, J.Mol. Biol. 139:561–568.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moreno Diaz de la Espina, S., Franke, W. W., Krohne, G., Trendelenburg, M. F., Grund, C., and Scheer, U., 1982, Medusoid fibril bodies: A novel type of nuclear filament of diameter 8 to 12 nm with periodic ultrastructure demonstrated in oocytes of Xenopus laevis, Eur. J. Cell Biol. 27:141–150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moss, T., 1983, A transcriptional function for the repetitive ribosomal spacer in Xenopus laevis, Nature 302:223–228.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mott, M. R., and Callan, H. G., 1975, An electron-microscope study of the lampbrush chromosomes of the newt Triturus cristatus, J. Cell. Sci. 17:241–261.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olins, A. L., and Olins, D. E., 1974, Spheroid chromatin units (v bodies), Science 183:330–332.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oudet, P., Gross-Bellard, M., and Chambon, P., 1975, Electron microscopic and biochemical evidence that chromatin structure is a repeating unit, Cell 4:281–300.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paine, P. L., and Horowitz, S. B., 1980, The movement of material between nucleus and cytoplasm, in: Cell Biology: AComprehensive Treatise, Vol. 4 (D. M. Prescott and L. Goldstein, eds.), pp. 299–338, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reeder, R. H., Wahn, H. L., Botchan, P., Hipskind, R., and Sollner-Webb, B., 1978, Ribosomal genes and their proteins from Xenopus, Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 42:1167–1177.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, M. E., 1968, Ribonucleoprotein particles in the amphibian oocyte nucleus,J. Ceil Biol. 36:421–432.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosbash, M., and Ford, P. J., 1974, Polyadenylic acid-containing RNA in Xenopus laevis oocytes,J. Mol. Biol. 85:87–101.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruderman, J. V., Woodland, H. R., and Sturgess, E. A., 1979, Modulations of histone messenger RNA during the early development of Xenopus laevis,Dev. Biol 71:71–82.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheer, U., 1972, The ultrastructure of the nuclear envelope of amphibian oocytes: IV. On the chemical nature of the nuclear pore complex material, Z. Zeilforsch. 127:127–148.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheer, U., 1973, Nuclear pore flow rate of ribosomal RNA and chain growth rate of its precursor during oogenesis of Xenopus laevis, Dev. Biol. 30:13–28.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheer, U., 1978, Changes of nucleosome frequency in nucleolar and non-nucleolar chromatin as a function of transcription: An electron microscopic study, Cell 13:535–549.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheer, U., 1980, Structural organization of spacer chromatin between transcribed ribosomal RNA genes in amphibian oocytes, Eur. J. Cell Biol. 23:189–196.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheer, U., 1981, Identification of a novel class of tandemly repeated genes transcribed on lampbrush chromosomes of Pleurodoles waltlii, J. Cell Biol. 88:599–603.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheer, U., 1982, A novel type of chromatin organization in lampbrush chromosomes of Pleurodeles waltlii: Visualization of clusters of tandemly repeated, very short transcriptional units, Biol. Cell. 44:213–220.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheer, U., and Sommerville, J., 1982, Sizes of chromosome loops and hnRNA molecules in oocytes of amphibia of different genome sizes, Exp. Cell Res. 139:410–416.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheer, U., and Zentgraf, H., 1982, Morphology of nucleolar chromatin in electron microscopic spread preparations, in: The Cell Nucleus, Vol. 11 (H. Busch and L. Rothblum, eds.), pp. 143–176, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheer, U., Trendelenburg, M. F., and Franke, W. W., 1976a, Regulation of transcription of genes of ribosomal RNA during amphibian oogenesis: A biochemical and morphological study,J. Cell Biol. 69:465–489.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheer, U., Kartenbeck, J., Trendelenburg, M. F., Stadler, J., and Franke, W. W., 1976b, Experimental disintegration of the nuclear envelope. Evidence for pore-connecting fibrils,J. Cell Biol. 69:1–18.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheer, U., Trendelenburg, M. F., Krohne, G., and Franke, W. W., 1977, Lengths and patterns of transcriptional units in the amplified nucleoli of oocytes of Xenopus laevis, Chromosoma 60:147–167.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheer, U., Spring, H., and Trendelenburg, M. F., 1979a, Organization of transcriptionally active chromatin in lampbrush chromosome loops, in: The Cell Nucleus, Vol. 7 (H. Busch, ed.), pp. 3–47, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheer, U., Sommerville, J., and Bustin, M., 1979b, Injected histone antibodies interfere with transcription of lampbrush chromosome loops in oocytes of Pleurodeles,J. Cell Sci. 40:1–20.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheer, U., Sommerville, J., and Müller, U., 1980, DNA is assembled into globular supranucleosomal chromatin structures by nuclear contents of amphibian oocytes, Exp. Cell Bes. 129:115–126.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheer, U., Hinssen, H., Franke, W. W., and Jockusch, B. M., 1984, Microinjection of actinbinding proteins and actin antibodies demonstrates involvement of nuclear actin in transcription of lampbrush chromosomes. Cell 39:111–122.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schultz, L. D., Kay, B. K., and Gall, J. G., 1981, In vitro RNA synthesis in oocyte nuclei of the newt Notophthalmus, Chromosoma 82:171–187.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sollner-Webb, B., Wilkinson, J. K., and Miller, K. G., 1982, Transcription of Xenopus ribosomal RNA genes, in: The Cell Nucleus, Vol. 12 (H. Busch and L. Rothblum, eds.), pp. 31–67, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sommerville, J., 1977, Gene activity in the lampbrush chromosomes of amphibian oocytes, Int. Rev. Biochem. 15:79–156.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sommerville, J., 1981, Immunolocalization and structural organization of nascent RNP, in: The Cell Nucleus, Vol. 8 (H. Busch, ed.) pp. 1–57, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sommerville, J., and Malcolm, D. B., 1976, Transcription of genetic information in amphibian oocytes, Chromosoma 55:183–208.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sommerville, J., and Scheer, U., 1982, Transcription of complementary repeat sequences in amphibian oocytes, Chromosoma 86:95–113.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sommerville, J., Crichton, C., and Malcolm, D., 1978, Immunofluorescent localization of transcriptional activity on lampbrush chromosomes, Chromosoma 66:99–114.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spring, H., and Franke, W. W., 1981, Transcriptionally active chromatin in loops of lampbrush chromosomes at physiological salt concentrations as revealed by electron microscopy of sections, Eur. J. Cell Biol 24:298–308.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stick, R., and Krohne, G., 1982, Immunological localization of the major architectural protein associated with the nuclear envelope of the Xenopus laevis oocyte, Exp. Cell Res. 138:319–330.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trendelenburg, M. F., 1981, Initiations of transcription at distinct promoter sites in spacer regions between pre-rRNA genes in oocytes of Xenopus laevis: An electron microscopic analysis, Biol. Cell 42:1–12.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trendelenburg, M. F., 1983, Progress in visualization of eukaryotic gene transcription, Hum. Genet. 63:197–215.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trendelenburg, M. F., and Gurdon, J. B., 1978, Transcription of cloned Xenopus ribosomal genes visualized after injection into oocyte nuclei, Nature 276:292–294.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Dongen, W., Zaal, R., Moorman, A., and Destrée, O., 1981, Quantitation of the accumulation of histone messenger RNA during oogenesis in Xenopus laevis, Dev. Biol. 86:303–314.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Dongen, W., Moorman, A., and Destrée, O., 1983, The accumulation of the maternal pool of histone H1A during oogenesis in Xenopus laevis, Cell Diff. 12:257–264.

    Google Scholar 

  • Varley, J. M., MacGregor, H. C., Nardi, I., Andrews, C., and Erba, H. P., 1980a, Cytological evidence of transcription of highly repeated DNA sequences during the lampbrush stage in Triturus cristatus carnifex, Chromosoma 80:289–307.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Varley, J. M., MacGregor, H. C., and Erba, H. P. 1980b, Satellite DNA is transcribed on lamp-brush chromosomes, Nature 283:686–688.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wakefield, L., Ackerman, E., and Gurdon, J. B., 1983, The activation of RNA synthesis by somatic nuclei injected into amphibian oocytes, Dev. Biol. 95:468–475.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woodland, H. R., 1980, Histone synthesis during the development of Xenopus, FEBS Lett. 121:1–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woodland, H. R., 1982, The translational control phase of early development,Biosci. Rep. 2:471–491.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Cell and Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center, D-6900, Heidelberg 1, Federal Republic of Germany

    Ulrich Scheer & Marie-Christine Dabauvalle

Authors
  1. Ulrich Scheer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Marie-Christine Dabauvalle
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

    Leon W. Browder

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1985 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Scheer, U., Dabauvalle, MC. (1985). Functional Organization of the Amphibian Oocyte Nucleus. In: Browder, L.W. (eds) Oogenesis. Developmental Biology, vol 1. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6814-8_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6814-8_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-6816-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-6814-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation