Abstract
It is a well-established, almost universal phenomenon that, during the ontogenesis of the peripheral and central nervous systems of vertebrates, neurons are initially produced in excess and that the subsequent selective neuronal death occurs as a normal event (Cowan, 1973; Jacobson, 1978). The topographically selective regulation of survival is an important mechanism for the formation of the final structure and function of integrated neuronal systems. The possible mechanism(s) involved in the regulation of neuronal survival have mainly been investigated in the peripheral nervous system, which is relatively simply organized, both structurally and functionally, and which is therefore better suited for detailed analysis than the more complex central nervous system.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adler, R. and Varon, S., 1980, Cholinergic neuronotrophic factors: V. Segregation of survival- and neurite-promoting activities in heart conditioned media, Br. Res., 188:437–448.
Adler, R., Landa, K.B., Manthrope, M., Varon, S., 1979, Cholinergic neuronotrophic factors: intraocular distribution of trophic activity for ciliary neurons, Science, 204:1434–1436.
Adler, R., Manthorpe, M., Skaper, S.D., and Varon, S., 1981, Polyornithine neurite-promoting factors, Br. Res., 206:129–144.
Barde, Y.-A., Edgar, D., and Thoenen, H., 1980, Sensory neurons in culture: changing requirements for survival factors during embryonic development, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 77:1199–1203.
Barde, Y.-A., Edgar, D., and Thoenen, H., 1982a, Purification of a new neurotrophic factor from mammalian brain, EMBO J., 1:549–553.
Barde, Y.-A., Edgar, D., and Thoenen, H., 1982b, Molecules involved in the regulation of neuron survival during development, in: Neuroscience Approached Through Cell Culture, Volume 1 (S. Pfeiffer, ed.) CRC Press, Boca Raton, in press.
Barde, Y.-A., Edgar, D., and Thoenen, H., 1983, New neurotrophic factors, Ann. Rev. Physiol., in press.
Barde, Y.-A., Lindsay, R.M., Monard, D., and Thoenen, H., 1978, New growth factor released by glioma cells supporting survival and growth of sensory neurones, Nature, 274: 818.
Bennett, M.R. and Nurcombe, V., 1980, Identification of embryonic motoneurons in vitro: their survival is dependent on skeletal muscle, Br. Res., 190:537–542.
Bonyhady, R.E., Hendry, I.A., Hill, C.E., and McLennan, I.S., 1980, Characterization of a cardiac muscle factor required for the survival of cultured parasympathetic neurons, Neurosci. Lett., 18:197–201.
Bueker, E.D., 1948, Implantation of tumors in the hind limb of the embryonic chick and developmental response of the lumbosacral nervous system, Anat. Rec., 102:369–390.
Burnstock, G., 1974, Degeneration and orientation of growth of autonomic nerves in relation to smooth muscle in joint tissue cultures and anterior eye chamber transplants, in: Dynamics of Degeneration and Growth in Neurons (K. Fuxe, L. Olson, and Y. Zollerman, eds.), Pergamon Press, Oxford, 509–520.
Chun, L.L.Y. and Patterson, P.H., 1977, Role of nerve growth factor in the development of rat sympathetic neurons in vitro. I. Survival, growth, and differentiaton of catecholamine production, J. Cell Biol., 75:694–704.
Collins, F., 1978, Induction of neurite outgrowth by a conditioned-medium factor bound to the culture substratum, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 75:5210–5213.
Coughlin, M.D., Bloom, E.M., and Black, I.B., 1981, Characterization of a neuronal growth factor from mouse heart-cell-conditioned medium, Dev. Biol., 82:52–68.
Cowan, W.M., 1973, Neuronal death as a regulative mechanism in the control of cell number in the nervous system, in: Development and Aging in the Nervous System (Rockstein, ed.), Academic Press, New York, 19–41.
Dibner, M.D. and Black, I.B., 1976, The effect of target organ removal on the development of sympathetic neurons, Br. Res., 103:93–102.
Ebendal, T. and Jacobson, C.O., 1977, Tissue expiants affecting extension and orientation of axons in cultured chick embryo ganglia, Exp. Cell Res., 105–379–387.
Ebendal, T., Belew, M., Jacobson, C.-O. and Porath, J., 1979, Neurite outgrowth elicited by embryonic chick heart, Neurosci. Lett., 14:91–95.
Eckenstein, F. and Thoenen, H., 1982, Production of specific anti-sera and monoclonal antibodies to choline acetyltransferase: characterization and use for identification of cholinertic neurons, EMBO J., 1: 363–368.
Edgar, D., Barde, Y.-A., and Thoenen, H., 1981, Subpopulations of cultured chick sympathetic neurones differ in their reguirements for survival factors, Nature, 289:294–295.
Edgar, D. and Thoenen, H., 1982a, Modulation of NGF-induced neuronal survival by contact with factors attached to the culture substrate. Abstr. 3rd International Meeting International Society for Developmental Neurosciences, Patras, Greece.
Edgar, D. and Thoenen, H., 1982b, Modulation of NGF-induced survival of chick sympathetic neurons by contact with a conditioned medium factor bound to the culture substrate, Dev. Brain Res., in press.
Hamburger, V., 1977, The developmental history of the motor neuron, Neurosci. Res. Program Bull., 15 (Suppl).: iii–37.
Harper, G.P. and Thoenen, H., 1981, Target cells, biological effects and mechanism of action of Nerve Growth Factor and its antibodies, Ann. Rev. Pharm. & Toxicol., 21:20–229.
Hefti, F., Gnahn, H., Schwab, M.E., and Thoenen, H., 1982, Induction of tyrosine hydroxylase by Nerve Growth Factor and by elevated K+ concentrations in cultures of dissociated sympathetic neurons, J. Neurosci., in press.
Helfand, S.L., Smith, G.A., and Wessells, N.K., 1976, Survival and development in culture of disseciated parasympathtic Mutons from ciliary ganglia, Dev. Biol., 50:541–547.
Hendry, I.A., 1975, The effects of axotomy on the development of the rat superior cervical ganglion, Brain Res., 90:235–244.
Hendry, I.A., 1977, The effect of the retrograde axonal transport of nerve growth factor on the morphology of adrenergic neurons, Brain Res., 134:213–223.
Herrup, K., and Shooter, E.M., 1975, Properties of the ß-NGF receptor in development, J. Cell Biol., 67:118–125.
Jacobson, M., 1978, Developmental Neurobiology (2nd ed.) Plenum Press, London, New York.
Johnson, Jr., E.M., 1978, Destruction of the sympathetic nervous system in neonatal rats and hamsters by vinblastine: prevention by concomitant administrtion of nerve growth factor, Brain Res., 141:105–118.
Kessler, J.A. and Black, I.B., 1980, Nerve growth factor stimulates the development of substance P in sensory ganglia, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 77:649–653.
Kessler, J.A. and Black, I.B., 1981, Similarities in development of substance P and somatostatin in peripheral sensory neurons: Effects of capsaicin and nerve growth factor, Soc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 78:4644–4747.
Kohler, G., and Milstein, C., 1976, Derivation of specific antibody-producing tissue culture and tumor lines by cell fusion, Eur. J. Immunol., 6:511–519.
Lander, A.D., Fujii, D.K., Gospodarowicz, D., and Reichardt, L.F., 1981, A heparan sulfate glycoprotein indudes rapid-neurite outgrowth in vitro, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 7:348.
Landmesser, L. and Pilar, G., 1976, Fate of ganglionic synapses and and ganglion cell axons during normal and induced cell death, J. Cell Biol., 68:357–374.
Levi-Montalcini, R., and Angeletti, P.U., 1968, Nerve growth factor, Physiol. Rev., 48:534–569.
Levi-Montalcini, R., Meyer, H., and Hamburger, V., 1954, In vitro experiments as the effects of mouse sarcomas 180 and 37 on the spinal and sympathetic ganglia of the chick embryo, Cancer Res., 14:49–57.
Levi-Montalcini, R., Aloe, L., Mugnaini, E., Oesch, F., and Thoenen, H., 1975, Nerve growth factor induces volume increase and enhances tyrosine hydroxylase synethesis in chemically axotomized sympathetic ganglia of newborn rats, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 72:595–599.
Lindsay, R.M., 1979, Adult rat brain astrocytes support survival of both NGF-dependent and NGF-insensitive neurones, Nature, 282:80–82.
Menesini Chen, M.G., Chen, J.S., Calissano, P., and Levi-Montalcini, R., 1977, Nerve growth factor prevents vinblastine destructive effects on sympathetic ganglia in newborn mice, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 74:5559–5563.
Miozzari, G.F., 1981, Strategies for obtaining expression of peptide hormones in E. coli, in: Insulins, Growth Hormone, and Recombinant DNA Technology, (J.L. Gueriguian, ed.), Raven Press, New York, 13–31.
Nishi, R. and Berg, D.K., 1981, Two components from eye tissue that differentially stimulate the growth and development of ciliary ganglion neurons in cell culture, J. Neurosci., 1:505–513.
Otten, U., Goedert, M., Mayer, N., and Lambeck, F., 1980, Requirement of nerve growth factor for development of substance P-containing sensory neurones, Nature, 287:158–159.
Rohrer, H. and Barde, Y.-A., 1982, Presence and disappearance of nerve growth factor receptors on sensory neurons in culture, Dev. Biol., 89:309–315.
Rohrer, H., Barde, Y.A., Edgar, D., and Thoenen, H., 1982, Nerve growth factor receptor on sensory and sympathetic neurons in culture, in: Neuroreceptors (F. Hucho, ed.), Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin, New York, 65–75.
Schmitt, F.O., Bird, S.J., and Bloom, F.E., 1982, Molecular Genetic Neuroscience, Raven Press, New York.
Schwab, M.E. and Thoenen, H., 1983, Retrograde axonal transport, in: Handbook of Neurochemistry (A. Lajtha, ed.), Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York, in press.
Thoenen, H., and Barde, Y.-A., 1980, Physiology of nerve growth factor, Physiol. Rev., 60:1284–1335.
Varon, S. and Adler, R., 1981, Trophic and specifying factors directed to neuronal cells, in: Advances in Cellular Neurobiology Volume 2 (S. Fedoroff and L. Herz, eds.), Academic Press, New York, 115–163.
Wakade, A.R., Edgar, D., and Thoenen, H., 1982, Substrate requirement and media supplements necessary for the long-term survival of chick sympathetic and sensory neurons cultured without serum, Exp. Cell Res., in press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1984 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Thoenen, H. (1984). Macromolecular Factors Involved in the Regulation of the Survival and Differentiation of Neurons During Development. In: Sharma, S.C. (eds) Organizing Principles of Neural Development. NATO ASI Series, vol 78. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4802-3_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4802-3_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-4804-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-4802-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive