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Biochemistry of Inorganic Chloride

  • Chapter
Biochemistry of the Elemental Halogens and Inorganic Halides

Part of the book series: Biochemistry of the Elements ((BOTE,volume 9A+B))

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Abstract

The issues involved with the biochemistry of inorganic chloride (Cl−) differ considerably from those considered for the biochemistry of inorganic fluoride (F−). Whereas F− is present in trace amounts in the body, Cl− is a normal and substantial constituent of biological fluids. Whereas extracellular fluid—the composition of which resembles that of pre-Cambrian era seawater—has a high concentration of Na+ and Cl− and a low concentration of K+, intracellular fluid has a large quantity of K+ and phosphate, primarily organically bound, but little Cl−. The maintenance of proper compositions of these fluids, vital to the well-being of the cell, depends on the proper availability and identity of nutrients in the extracellular fluid, cellular metabolism, and transport properties of cellular membranes. Because of the position of chloride as the most abundant anion in the extracellular medium, membrane transport of chloride has assumed an important role in many processes, including absorption, secretion, and control of osmotic pressure, cell volume, fluid pH, and electrolyte balance. Cl− is also a common counterion in proteins, especially basic ones.

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  1. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

    Kenneth L. Kirk

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  1. Kenneth L. Kirk
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© 1991 Plenum Press, New York

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Kirk, K.L. (1991). Biochemistry of Inorganic Chloride. In: Biochemistry of the Elemental Halogens and Inorganic Halides. Biochemistry of the Elements, vol 9A+B. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5817-6_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5817-6_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-5819-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-5817-6

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