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Pain and Pain-Related Distress in Children With Cancer

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Children in Pain

Abstract

Cancer in children is relatively rare, accounting for slightly less than 1 % of the 1 million cases of cancer diagnosed annually in the United States (Silver-berg, Boring, & Squires, 1990). When it occurs, however, it can be fatal. Cancer is the second leading cause of death among individuals 14 years of age or less, and accounts for 10 to 12% of the annual childhood deaths (Silverberg et al., 1990). Although there are cardinal signs and symptoms of cancer in children (Fernbach, 1984), including fever, a tumor mass, pallor, changes in balance, gait, or personality, or changes in the eye, pain is perhaps the most classic sign or symptom. For example, bone pain has been found in 15 to 52% of children presenting with leukemia (Fernbach, 1984; Miser, McCalla, Dothage, Wesley, & Miser, 1987), the most common form of childhood cancer. Pain often accompanies the remaining prevalent sites of disease, including brain tumors (headache), kidney tumors (abdominal pain), and soft tissue disease (a painful mass with rhabdomyosarcoma) (Miser et al., 1987). Thus, it is often the child’s complaint of pain or their parents’ suspicion that the child is in pain, from seeing changes in his/her behavior or affect, that prompts a visit to a physician.

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Authors
  1. Sharon L. Manne
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  2. Barbara L. Andersen
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 West Franklin Street, 23284-2018, Richmond, VA, USA

    Joseph P. Bush

  2. Department of Gerontology, Virginia Commonwealth University, MCV Station, 23298, Richmond, VA, USA

    Stephen W. Harkins

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Manne, S.L., Andersen, B.L. (1991). Pain and Pain-Related Distress in Children With Cancer. In: Bush, J.P., Harkins, S.W. (eds) Children in Pain. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6413-9_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6413-9_13

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