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The Role of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor α in Peroxisome Proliferation, Physiological Homeostasis, and Chemical Carcinogenesis

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Dietary Fat and Cancer

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 422))

Abstract

Peroxisomes are single membrane-bound organelles, found in all cells, that contain a variety of enzymes involved in a number of metabolic processes1. The most well characterized reactions carried out by peroxisomes are those involved in fatty acid I3-oxidation. The peroxisomal β-oxidation system metabolizes very long chain and long chain fatty acids and cannot metabolize short chain fatty acids (<6 units) whereas the mitochondrial system most efficiently oxidizes long, medium and short chain fatty acids down to two carbon units. The peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase enzyme generates H2O2 while the corresponding mitochondrial enzymes lead to production of NADH. Since plants lack mitochondria, peroxisomes are solely responsible for their fatty acid β-oxidation. The production of H2O2 by peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase has been used as a cytological marker for the organelle through staining with diaminobenzidine and historically accounts for the name “peroxisomes”1. Peroxisome proliferation can result in an excess of H2O2 that can potentially result in toxicity as discussed below. Under usual circumstances H2O2 is decomposed to molecular oxygen and water by catalase and glutathione peroxidase.

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  1. Laboratory of Metabolism Division of Sciences National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA

    Feank J. Gonzalez

  2. National Institutes of Health, Building 37, Room 3E-24, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA

    Feank J. Gonzalez

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    Gonzalez, F.J. (1997). The Role of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor α in Peroxisome Proliferation, Physiological Homeostasis, and Chemical Carcinogenesis. In: Dietary Fat and Cancer. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 422. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2670-1_9

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