Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Anticoagulants for the Treatment of Transient Ischemic Attacks

  • Chapter
The New Dimensions of Warfarin Prophylaxis

  • 171 Accesses

Abstract

Anticoagulants as a treatment for Transient Ischemic Attacks were originally suggested over 30 years ago. After 30 years of study and many clinical reports covering their use plus several specifically conducted studies to evaluate their effectiveness, there is no unanimity of opinion now whether or not they are a useful treatment for the prevention of recurrent transient ischemic attacks and whether they reduce the possibility of stroke in the future (6, 11, 23, 47).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Acheson J, Hutchinson EC: Observations on the natural history of transient cerebral ischemia. Lancet 2:871–874, 1964.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Baker RN, Broward JA, Fang HC, et al: Anticoagulant therapy in cerebral infarction. Neurol 12:823–835, 1962.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Baker RN, Ramseyer JC, Schwartz WS: Prognosis in patients with cerebral ischemic attacks. Neurol 18:1157–1165, 1968.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Baker RN, Schwartz WS, Rose AS: Transient ischemic attacks. Neurol 16:841–847, 1966.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Bradshaw P, Brennan S: Trial of long-term anticoagulant therapy in the treatment of small stroke associated with a normal carotid angiogram. J Neurol Neurosurg & Psychiatry 38:642–647, 1975.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Browne TR, Poskanzer DC: Treatment of strokes. N Engl J Med 284:594–602, 1969.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Buren A, Ygge J: Treatment program and comparison between anticoagulants and platelet aggregation inhibitors after transient ischemic attack. Stroke 12:578–580, 1981.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Campbell MH: Basilar artery syndrome. Canad Med Ass J 69:314–315, 1953.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Deyken D: Warfarin therapy. N Engl J Med 283:691–694, 1970.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Duncan GW, Pessin MS, Mohr JP, Adams RD: Transient cerebral ischemic attacks. Advances in Internal Medicine 21:1–20, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Easton JD, Byer JA: Transient cerebral ischemic medical management. pp. 41–47. In current concepts in cerebrovascular disease. (eds.) McDowell FH, Sonnenblick EH, Lesch M. Grune & Stratton, New York, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Eriksson SE: Evaluation of anticoagulants in patients with cerebral infarction with slight to moderate neurological deficit. ACTA Neurol Scand 68:96–106, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Feiring EH: Spontaneous occlusion of the internal carotid artery. Neurol 4:405–421, 1954.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Fisher CM: Occlusion of the internal carotid artery. Arch Neurol & Psych 65:346–377, 1951.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Fisher CM, Cameron DG: Concerning cerebral vasospasm. Neurol 3:468–473, 1953.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Fisher CM: The use of anticoagulants in cerebral thrombosis. Neurol 8:311–332, 1958.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Fisher CM: Anticoagulant therapy in cerebral thrombosis and cerebral embolism — A national cooperative study, interim report. Neurol 11(4 part 2):119–131, 1961.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Fisher CM: Anticoagulant therapy. pp. 86–89. Third Conference on cerebral vascular diseases. (ed.) Millikan CH, Siekert RG, Whisnant JP. Grune& Stratton, New York, 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Frank G: Comparison of antigoagulation and surgical treatments of T.I.A. A review and consolidation of recent natural history and treatment studies. Stroke 2:369–377, 1971.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Friedman GD, Wilson WS, Mosier JM, et al: Transient ischemic attacks in a community. JAMA 210:1428–1434, 1969.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Gallhofer B, Ladurner G, Lechner H: Prognosis of prophylactic anticoagulant treatment in ischaemic stroke. Eur Neurol 18:145–148, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Garde A, Samuelsson K, Fahlgren H, Hedberg E, Hjerne LG, Ostman J: Treatment after transient ischemic attacks, a comparison between anticoagulant drug and inhibition of platelet aggregation. Stroke 14:677–681, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Genton E, Barnett HJM, Fields WS, Gent M, Hoak JC: Cerebral Ischemia: The Role of Thrombosis and of Antithrombotic Therapy. Stroke 8:150–175, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Goldner LC, Whisnant JP, Taylor WF: Long Term Prognosis of Transient Cerebral Ischemic Attacks. Stroke 2:160–167, 1971.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Gowers WR: A Manual of Diseases of the Nervous System. p. 432. Blakiston, Philadelphia, 1893.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Gunning AJ, Pickering GW, Robb-Smith AHT, et al: Mural thrombosis of the internal carotid artery and subsequent embolism. Q J Med 33:155–193, 1964.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Hill AB, Marshall J. Shaw DA: A controlled clinical trial of long-term anticoagulant therapy in cerebrovascular disease. Q J Med 29:597–609, 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Hunt JR: The role of the Carotid Arteries in the Causation of Vascular Lesions of the Brain with Remarks on Special Features of the Symptomology. Am J Med Sci 147:704–713, 1914.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Levine M, Hirsh J: Hemorrhagic Complications of Long Term Anticoagulants Therapy for Ischemic Vascular Disease. Stroke 17:111–116, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Link H, Lebram G, Johansson I, Radberg C: Prognosis in patients with infarction and TIA in carotid territory during and after anticoagulant therapy. Stroke 10:529–532, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. McDowell FH: Transient cerebral ischemic diagnostic considerations. pp. 7–22. In current concepts in cerebrovascular disease. (eds.) McDowell FH, Sonnenblick EH, Lesch M. Grune & Stratton, New York, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Marshall J, Meadows EC: The natural history of amaurosis fugax. Brain 91:419–434, 1968.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Marshall J, Wilkinson IMS: The prognosis of carotid transient ischaemic attacks in patients with normal angiograms. Brain 94:395–402, 1971.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Marshall J, Reynolds EH: Withdrawal of anticoagulants from patients with transient ischemic cerebrovascular attacks. Lancet 2:5–6, 1965.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Marshall J: The natural history of transient ischaemic cerebrovascular attacks. Q J Med 33:309–324, 1964.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Millikan CH, Whisnant JP: Anticoagulant therapy in cerebro-vascular disease — current status. J Amer Med Ass 166:587–592, 1958.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Millikan CH, Siekert RG, Schick RM: Studies in cerebrovascular disease V. The use of anticoagulant drugs in the treatment of intermittent insufficiency of the internal carotid arterial system. Proc Mayo Clin 30:578–586, 1955.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Milliken CH, Siekert RG, Schick RM: Studies in cerebrovascular disease III. The use of anticoagulant drugs in the treatment of insufficiency or thrombosis within the basilar artery system. Proc Mayo Clin 30:116–126, 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Millikan CH: Reassessment of Anticoagulant Therapy in Various Types of Occlusive Cerebrovascular Disease. Stroke 2:201–208, 1971.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Millikan CH: Transient cerebral ischemia definition and natural history. pp. 1–6. In current concepts in cerebrovascular disease. (eds.) McDowell FH, Sonnenblick EH, Lesch M. Grune & Stratton, New York, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Millikan CH, McDowell FH: Treatment of transient ischemic attacks. Stroke 9:299–308, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Olsson JE, Muller R, Bernali S: Long-term anticoagulant therapy for T.I.As. and minor strokes with minimum residuum. Stroke 7:444–451, 1976.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Olsson JE, Brechter C, Backlund H, Krook H, Muller R, Nitelius E, Olsson O, Tornberg A: Anticoagulant vs anti-platelet therapy as prophylactic against cerebral infarction in transient ischemic attacks. Stroke 11:4–9, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Pearce JMS, Gabbay SS, Walton J: Long-term anticoagulant therapy in transient cerebral ischemic attacks. Lancet 1:6–9, 1965.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Ramirez-Lassepass M, Quinones MR: Heparin Therapy for Stroke Hemorrhagic Complications and Risk Factors for Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Neurol 34:114–117, 1984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Rose WM: Anticoagulants in the management of cerebral infarction: A record of the poor result obtained. Med J Aust 1:503–504, 1950.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Siekert RG, Millikan CH, Whisnant JP: Anticoagulant therapy in intermittent cerebrovascular insufficiency. JAMA 176:19–22, 1961.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Siekert RG, Whisnant JP, Millikan CH: Surgical and Anticoagulant Therapy of Occlusive Cerebrovascular Disease. Ann Intern Med 58:637–641, 1963.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Schmidley JW, Caronna JJ: Transient cerebral ischemic pathophysiology. pp. 23–40. In current concepts in cerebrovascular disease. (eds.) McDowell FH, Sonnenblick EH, Lesch M. Grune & Stratton, New York, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Terent A: The outcome of patients with transient ischemic attacks and stroke treated with anticoagulants. ACTA Med Scand 208:359–365, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Toole JF, Janeway R, Choi R, et al: Transient ischemic attacks due to atherosclerosis, a prospective study of 160 patients. Arch Neurol 32:5–13, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Veterans Administration Cooperative Study of Atherosclerosis Neurology Section: An Evaluation of Anticoagulant Therapy in the Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease. Neurol 11:132–138, 1961.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Warlow C: Transient ischaemic attacks, current treatment concepts. Drugs 29:474–482, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Weksler BB, Lewin M: Anticoagulation in cerebral ischemia. Stroke 14:658–663, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Whisnant JP, Matsumoto N, Elveback LR: The effect of anticoagulant therapy on the prognosis of patients with transient cerebral ischemic attacks in a community. Mayo Clin Proc 48:844–848, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Wilson SA, Bruce AN. (ed.) Neurology, p.1088. Edward Arnold, London, 1940.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Ziegler DK, Hassanein RS: Prognosis in patients with transient ischemic attacks. Stroke 4:666–673, 1973.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Burke Rehabilitation Center, 785 Mamaroneck Avenue, White Plains, NY, 10605, USA

    Fletcher H. McDowell

Authors
  1. Fletcher H. McDowell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA

    Stanford Wessler

  2. Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York, USA

    Carl G. Becker

  3. Mt. Sinai School of Medicine of the City University of New York, New York, New York, USA

    Yale Nemerson

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1987 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

McDowell, F.H. (1987). Anticoagulants for the Treatment of Transient Ischemic Attacks. In: Wessler, S., Becker, C.G., Nemerson, Y. (eds) The New Dimensions of Warfarin Prophylaxis. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5985-3_30

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5985-3_30

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-5987-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-5985-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation