Skip to main content

Ethical Problems Regarding Sex between Therapist and Patient

  • Chapter
Ethical Practice in Psychiatry and the Law

Part of the book series: Critical Issues in American Psychiatry and the Law ((CIAP,volume 7))

  • 142 Accesses

Abstract

The sexual exploitation of patients by their therapists has been a perennial thorn in the side of psychiatry. Surveys of therapists have revealed that 5–10% have engaged in sexual activity with patients, while about 40% of psychiatrists admit knowing at least one such colleague. Forensic psychiatrists are also subject to sexual misconduct, although the national organization, the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, has traditionally relied on the far larger American Psychiatric Association (APA) to adjudicate such charges against its members. An examination of the workings of a large APA District Branch Ethics Committee suggests that psychiatrists can successfully investigate, discipline, and deter unethical behavior by colleagues. Although due-process considerations impose certain limitations on ascertaining the veracity of some allegations of sexual abuse, the ethics committee remains a viable means to safeguard the standards of our profession.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Jones E: Life and Work of Sigmund Freud, vol 3. New York, Basic Books, 1957, p 163–165.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Freud S: Observations on transference-love (1915). Standard Edition, vol 12. London, Hogarth press, p 169.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Saul LJ: Erotic transference. Psychoanal Q 1962; 31: 54–61.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Greenson RR: The Technique and Practice of Psychoanalysis, vol 1. New York, International Universities Press, 1967, p 226.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Pope KS, Bouhoutsos JC: Sexual Intimacy Between Therapists and Patients. New York, Praeger, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Kardener S, Fuller M, Mensh I: A survey of physicians’ attitudes and practices regarding erotic and nonerotic contact with patients. Am J Psychiatry 1976; 133: 1324–1325.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Holroyd JC, Brodsky AM: Psychologists’ attitudes and practices regarding erotic and nonerotic physical contact with patients. Am Psychologist 1977; 32: 843–849.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Gartrell N, Herman J, Olarte S, et al: Psychiatrist-patient sexual contact: results of a national survey, I: Prevalence. Am J Psychiatry 1986; 143: 1126–1131.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Derosis H, Hamilton JA, Morrison E, et al: More on psychiatrist-patient sexual contact. Am J Psychiatry 1987; 144: 688–689.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Gartrell N, Herman J, Olarte S, et al: Reporting practices of psychiatrists who knew of sexual misconduct by colleagues. Am. J Orthopsychiatry 1987; 57: 287–295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Herman JL, Gartrell N, Olarte S, et al: Psychiatrist-patient sexual contact: Results of a national survey, II: Psychiatrists’ attitudes. Am J Psychiatry 1987; 144: 164–169.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. American Psychiatric Association: The Principles of Medical Ethics with Annotations Especially Applicable to Psychiatry, 1989 Ed. Washington, DC, APA, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Simon RI: Clinical Psychiatry and the Law. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Press, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Smith JT: Therapist-patient sex: Exploitation of the therapeutic process. Psychiatr Ann 1988; 18: 59–63.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Zitrin A, Klein T: Can psychiatry police itself effectively? The experience of one district branch. Am J Psychiatry 1976; 133: 653–656.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Moore RA: Ethics in the practice of psychiatry: Update on the results of enforcement of the code. Am J Psychiatry 1985; 142: 1043–1046.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Stone AA: Legal implications of sexual activity between psychiatrist and patient. Am J Psychiatry 1976; 133: 1138–1141.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Bouhoutsos JC: Therapist-client sexual involvement: A challenge for mental health professionals and educators. Am J Orthopsychiatry 1985; 55: 177–182.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Gartrell N, Herman JL, Olarte S, Feldstein M, Localio R: Management and rehabilitation of sexually exploitive therapists. Hosp Comm Psychiatry 1988; 39: 1070–1074.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Stone AA: Sexual misconduct by psychiatrists: The ethical and clinical dilemma of confidentiality. Am J Psychiatry 1983; 140: 195–197.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Cummings NA, Sobel SB: Malpractice insurance: Update on sex claims. Psychotherapy 1985; 22: 186–188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. American Psychiatric Association: Opinions of the Ethics Committee on the Principles of Medical Ethics ( 1985 Ed). Washington, DC, APA, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Sell JA, Gottlieb MC, Schoenfeld L: Ethical considerations of social/romantic relationships with present and former clients. Prof Psychology 1986; 17: 504–508.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Borenstein DB: Standards of proof for ethics committees of professional organizations. Hosp Comm Psychiatry 1987; 38: 711–712.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Anthony Mazza v U.S. Postal Inspection Service, 86–1598, August 4, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Kardener SH: Sex and physician-patient relationships. Am J Psychiatry 1974; 131: 1134 1136.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Marmor J: Some psychodynamic aspects of the seduction of patients in psychotherapy. Am J Psychoanal 1976; 36: 319–323.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Claman JM: Mirror hunger in the psychodynamics of sexually abusing therapists. Am J Psychoanal 1987; 47: 35–40.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Zelen SL: Sexualization of therapeutic relationships: The dual vulnerability of patient and therapist. Psychotherapy 1985; 22: 178–185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Davidson V: Psychiatry’s problems with no name: Therapist-patient sex. Am J Psychoanal 1977; 37: 43–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Pope KS, Tabachnick BG, Keith-Spiegel P: Ethics of practice: The beliefs and behaviors of psychologists as therapists. Am Psychologist 1987; 42: 993–1006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1990 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Eth, S. (1990). Ethical Problems Regarding Sex between Therapist and Patient. In: Rosner, R., Weinstock, R. (eds) Ethical Practice in Psychiatry and the Law. Critical Issues in American Psychiatry and the Law, vol 7. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1663-1_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1663-1_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-1665-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-1663-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics