Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Substance Use among Immigrants to the United States

  • Chapter
Handbook of Immigrant Health

Abstract

There are a great variety of psychoactive substances known to human beings, mostly plant-based chemicals that change perception and sensation. Some of these are relatively mild in their natural state, but can be refined into powerful drugs. For example, the coca leaf chewed by Andean peasants is a mild stimulant, but after large amounts of coca leaf have been crushed, cooked, and chemically treated to isolate and concentrate the active ingredient, the resulting cocaine powder or crack cocaine “rock” becomes a powerful and powerfully addicting substance. Similarly, while any uncooked berry or fruit juice left overnight will begin to ferment, the resultant mildly alcoholic mash is far different in nature from triple distilled Scotch whiskey, for example.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abbot, P. J., Walker, S., & Otero, C. J. (1995).The critical need for counselors in methadone programs. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 13, 31–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adrados, J.-L. R. (1993). Acculturation: The broader view. Theoretical framework of the acculturation scales. In M. R. de la Rosa & J. L. R. Receio Adrados (Eds.), Drug abuse among minority youth: Methodological issues and recent research advances (NIDA Research Monograph Series 130, pp. 57–77). Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adrian, M., Dini, C. M., MacGregor, L. J., & Stoduto, G. (1995). Substance use as a measure of social integration for women of different ethnocultural groups into mainstream culture in a pluralist society: The example of Canada. International Journal of the Addictions, 30, 699–734.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahern, F. M. (1989). Alcohol use and abuse among four ethnic groups in Hawaii: Native Hawaiians, Japanese, Filipinos and Caucasians. In D. Spiegler, D. Tate, S. Aitken, & C. Christian (Eds.), Alcohol use among U.S. ethnic minorities (NIAAA Research Monograph No. 18, pp. 315–328). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akers, R. L. (1991). Addiction: The troublesome concept. Journal of Drug Issues, 21, 777–792.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akutsu, P. D., Sue, S., Zane, N. W. S., & Nakamura, C. Y. (1989). Ethnic differences in alcohol consumption among Asians and Caucasians in the United States: An investigation of cultural and physiological factors. Journal of Studies of Alcohol, 50, 261–267.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alaniz, M. L. (1994). Mexican farmworker women’s perspectives on drinking in a migrant community. International Journal of the Addictions, 29, 1173–1188.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alcocer, A. M. (1982). Alcohol use and abuse among the Hispanic American population. In Alcohol and health monograph 4: Special population issues (pp. 361–382). Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alt, P. M. (1991). Disease or illness: Alcoholism as social metaphor. Journal of Health Politics, Policy, and Law, 16, 605–613.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alvarez-Gomez, A. J. (1995). Politicas antidrogas y proyecto neoliberal. Estudios Latinoamericanos, 2, 71–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ames, G., & Rebhun, L. A. (1996). Women, alcohol and work: Interactions of gender, ethnicity and occupational culture. Social Science and Medicine, 43, 1649–1663.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arakaki, A., & Antonis, S. (1978). Asian/Pacific Island women and substance abuse. In D. Smith (Ed.), A multicultural view of drug abuse: Proceedings of the National Drug Abuse Conference, San Francisco (pp. 604–607). Cambridge, MA: Schenkman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Austin, G. A., Prendergast, M. L., & Lee, H. (1989). Substance abuse among Asian American youth (Prevention Research Update No. 5). Portland, OR: Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ayers, E. L. (1984). Vengeance and justice: Crime and punishment in the 19th century American south. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernier, D. (1992) The Indochinese refugees: A perspective from various stress theories. Journal of Multicultural Social Work, 2, 15–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beroud, G. (1995). Problemes de toxicomanie en Republique populaire de Chine: Situation actuelle. Sciences Sociales et Sante, 13, 65–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, J. (1980). Acculturation as varieties of adaptation. In A. Padilla (Ed.), Acculturation: Theory, models, and some new findings (pp. 9–25). Boulder, CO: Westview.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blatter, A. (1995). Die Funktionen des Drogengebrauchs und ihre kulturspezifische Nutzung. Curare, 18, 279–290.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boado, A. (1984). Resena historica antropologica de las drogas en distintas culturas. RS, Cuadernos de Re-alidades Sociales, 24, 131–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourgois, P. (1995). In search of respect: Selling crack in El Barrio. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowker, L. (1977). Drug use among American women, old and young. San Francisco: R. and E.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brett, P. J., Graham, K., & Smythe. C. (1995). An analysis of specialty journals on alcohol, drugs, and addictive behaviors for sex bias in research methods and reporting. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 56, 24–34.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brindis, C., Wolfe, A. L., McCarter, V., Ball, S., & Star-buck-Morales, S. (1995). The associations between immigrant status and risk-behavior in Latino adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 17, 99–105.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brook, J. S. (1993). Interactional theory: Its utility in explaining drug use behavior among African-American and Puerto Rican youth. In M. R. De la Rosa & J. L. R. Adrados (Eds.), Drug abuse among minority youth: Methodological issues and recent research advances (NIDA Research Monograph Series 130, pp. 79–101). Rockville, MD: National Institutes on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buchanan, D. R. (1992). A social history of American drug use. Journal of Drug Issues, 22, 31–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bullington, B. (1997). Heroin use in the barrio. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burke, T. W, & O’Rear, C. E. (1990). Home invaders: Asian gangs in America. Police Studies, 13, 154–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caetano, R. (1983). Drinking patterns and alcohol problems among Hispanics in the U.S.: A review. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 12, 37–59.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caetano, R. (1987). Acculturation and drinking patterns among U.S. Hispanics. British Journal of Addiction, 82, 789–799.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caetano, R. (1990). Hispanic drinking in the U.S.: Thinking in new directions. British Journal of Addiction, 85, 1231–1236.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caetano, R., & Medina Mora, M. E. (1988). Acculturation and drinking among people of Mexican descent in Mexico and the United States. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 49, 462–471.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Canino, G. (1994). Alcohol use and misuse among Hispanic women: Selected factors, processes, and studies. International Journal of the Addictions, 29, 1083–1100.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chavez, E. (1993). Hispanic dropouts and drug use: A review of the literature and methodological considerations. In M. R. De la Rosa & J. L. R. Adrados (Eds.), Drug abuse among minority youth: Methodological issues and recent research advances (NIDA Research Monograph Series 130, pp. 224–223). Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chavez, E., & Mora, J. (1994). Introduction to the international journal of the addictions special issue on substance use patterns of Latinas. International Journal of the Addictions, 29, 1079–1082.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chi, I., Kitano, H. H. L., & Lubben, J. E. (1988). Male Chinese drinking behavior in Los Angeles. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 49, 21–25.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chi, I., Lubben, J. E., & Kitano, H. H. L. (1989). Differences in drinking behavior among three Asian-American groups. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 50, 15–23.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Corbett, K., Mora, J., & Ames, G. (1991). Drinking patterns and drinking-related problems of Mexican-American husbands and wives. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 52, 215–223.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Courtwright, D. T. (1991). Drug legalization, the drug war, and drug treatment in historical perspective. Journal of Policy History, 3, 393–414.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curry, G. D., & Spergel, I. A. (1992). Gang involvement and delinquency among Hispanic and African-American adolescent males. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 29, 273–291.

    Google Scholar 

  • D’Avanzo, C. E., Frye, B., & Froman, R. (1994). Culture, stress, and substance use in Cambodian refugee women. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 55, 420–426.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De la Rosa, M. R., Adrados, J. L. R., & Milburn, N. (1993). Introduction and overview. In M. R. De la Rosa & J. L. R. Adrados (Eds.), Drug abuse among minority youth: Methodological issues and recent research advances (NIDA Research Monograph Series 130, pp. 1–7). Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, US. Department of Health and Human Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delgado, M. (1995). Hispanic natural support systems and alcohol and other drug services. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 12, 17–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Destremau, B. (1990). Le qat: Planche de salut ou cancer de l’economie yemenite? Etudes Rurales, 117, 179–190.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunnigan, T., McNall, M., & Mortimer, J. T. (1993). The problem of metaphorical nonequivalence in cross-cultural survey research: Comparing the mental health statuses of Hmong refugee and general population adolescents. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 24, 344–365.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erlanger, H. S. (1979). Estrangement, machismo, and gang violence. Social Science Quarterly, 60, 235–248.

    Google Scholar 

  • Escobedo, L. G., Kirch, D. G., & Anda, R. F. (1996). Depression and smoking initiation among US Latinos. Addiction, 91, 113–119.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferentzy, P. (1992). Addiction, culture, and community. Telos, 91, 125–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finlinson, H. A., Robles, R. R., Colon, H. M., & Page, B. J. (1993). Recruiting and retaining out-of-treatment injecting drug users in the Puerto Rican AIDS Prevention Project. Human Organization, 52, 169–175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finn, P. (1994). Addressing the needs of cultural minorities in drug treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 11, 325–337.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flaskerud, J. H., & Hu, L. T. (1992). Relationship of ethnicity to psychiatric diagnosis. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 180, 296–303.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flores-Ortiz, Y. G. (1994). The role of cultural and gender values in alcohol use patterns among Chi-cana/Latina high school and university students: Implications for AIDS prevention. International Journal of the Addictions, 29, 1149–1171.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fullilove, M. T., Lown, A., & Fullilove, R. E. (1992). Crack’ hos and skeezers: Traumatic experiences of women crack users. Journal of Sex Research, 29, 275–287.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert, M. J. (1985). Mexican-Americans in California: Intracultural variation in attitudes and behavior related to alcohol. In L. A. Bennett & G. Ames (Eds.), The American experience with alcohol: Contrasting cultural perspectives (pp. 255–277). New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert, M. J. (1991). Acculturation and changes in drinking patterns among Mexican-American women. Alcohol Health and Research World, 15, 234–238.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert, M. J., Mora, J., & Ferguson, L. R. (1994). Alcohol related expectations among Mexican-American women. International Journal of the Addictions, 29, 1127–1147.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glick, R., & Moore, J. (1990). Drugs in Hispanic communities. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goode, E. (1984). Drugs in American society (2nd ed.). New York: Knopf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goode, E. (1990). The American drug panic of the 1980s: Social construction or objective threat? International Journal of the Addictions, 25, 1083–1098.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, A. J. (1981). The cultural context of drinking and indigenous therapy for alcohol problems in three migrant Hispanic cultures: An ethnographic report. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 9, 217–240.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, A. J. (1985). Alcohol and Hispanics in the Northeast: A study of cultural variability and adaptation. In. L. A. Bennet & G. Ames (Eds.), The American experience with alcohol contrasting cultural perspectives (pp. 297–313). New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graves, T. D. (1967). Acculturation, access, and alcohol in a triethnic community. American Anthropologist, 69, 306–321.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths, P., Gossop, M., Powis, B., & Strang, J. (1993). Reaching hidden populations of drug users by privileged access interviewers: Methodological and practical issues. Addiction, 88, 1617–1626.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hakkarainen, P., & Hoikkala, T. (1992). Temgesic: Latt-lurade lakare, narrande narkomaner. Nordisk Alkohol Tidskrift, 9, 261–274.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, M. G. (1994). Cholas, Mexican-American girls, and gangs. Sex Roles, 30, 289–301.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, L. D., & Kennedy, N. J. (1996). Drug use in the high intensity drug trafficking area of the US Southwest border. Addiction, 91, 47–61.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoick, S. E., Warren, C., Smith, J., & Rochat, R. (1984). Alcohol consumption among Mexican American and Anglo women: Results of a survey along the U.S. Mexico border. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 45, 149–153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horowitz, R. (1982). Adult delinquent gangs in a Chi-cano community: Masked intimacy and marginality. Urban Life, 11, 3–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horowitz, R. (1983). Honor and the American dream: Culture and identity in a Chicano community. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huff, R. C., (Ed.). (1990). Gangs in America. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huggins, P. (1971). The South Carolina dispensary: A bottle collector’s guide and history of the system. Columbia, SC: Sandlapper.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ianni, F. A. J. (1974). New mafia: Black, Hispanic, and Italian styles. Trans-Action, 11, 26–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jankowski, M. S. (1991). Islands in the street: Gangs and American urban society. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins, C. N. N., Le, T., McPhee, S. J., Stewart, S., & The Ha, N. (1996). Health care access and preventive care among Vietnamese immigrants: Do traditional beliefs and practices pose barriers? Social Science and Medicine, 43, 1049–1056.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jennings, J. M. (1995). The forgotten plague: Opium and narcotics in Korea under Japanese rule: 1910–1945. Modern Asian Studies, 294, 795–815.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jilek, W. G., & Jilek-Aall, L. (1990). The mental health relevance of traditional medicine and shamanism in refugee camps in Northern Thailand. Curare, 13, 217–224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joe, K. A. (1993). Getting into the gang: Methodological issues in studying ethnic gangs. In M. R. De la Rosa & J. L. R. Adrados (Eds.), Drug abuse among minority youth: Methodological issues and recent research advances (NIDA Research Monograph Series 130, pp. 234–257). Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R. C., Nagoshi, C. T., Ahern, F. M., Wilson, J. R., & Yuen, S. L. H. (1987). Cultural factors as explanations for ethnie group differences in alcohol use in Hawaii. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 19, 67–75.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kalix, P. (1988). Khat: A plant with amphetamine effects. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 5, 163–169.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, G. P. (1986). Coping with America: Refugees From Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos in the 1970s and 1980s. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 487, 138–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kinkead, G. (1992). Chinatown: Portrait of a closed society. New York: Harper Collins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kinzie, J. D., & Fleck, J. (1987). Psychotherapy with severely traumatized refugees. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 41, 82–94.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kitano, H. H. L., & Chi, I. (1986-87). Asian Americans and alcohol use: Exploring cultural differences in Los Angeles. Alcohol Health and Research World, 11, 42–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitano, H. H. L., & Daniels, R. (1988). Asian Americans: Emerging minorities. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitano, H. H. L., Hatanaka, H., Yeung, W. T., & Sue, S. (1985). Japanese-American drinking patterns. In L. A. Bennett & G. Ames (Eds.), The American experience with alcohol: Contrasting cultural perspectives (pp. 335–357). New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein, M. W., Maxson, C. L., & Cunningham, L. C. (1991). “Crack,” street gangs, and violence. Criminology, 29, 623–650.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krupinski, J. (1967). Sociological aspects of mental ill-health in migrants. Social Science and Medicine, 1, 267–281.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurtines, W. M., & Szapocznik, J. (1995). Cultural competence in assessing hispanic youths and families: Challenges in the assessment of treatment needs and treatment evaluation for Hispanic drug-abusing adolescents. In E. Rahdert & D. Czechowicz (Eds.), Adolescent drug abuse: Clinical assessment and therapeutic interventions (National Institute on Drug Abuse Research Monograph 156, pp. 172–189). Rockville, MD: National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levy, J. A., Gallmeier, C. P., & Weibel, W. W. (1995). The outreach assisted peer-support model for controlling drug dependency. Journal of Drug Issues, 25, 507–529.

    Google Scholar 

  • Litman, A., Levav, I., Saltz-Rennert, H., & Maoz, B. (1986). The use of khat: An epidemiological study in two Yemenite villages in Israel. Culture Medicine and Psychiatry, 10, 389–396.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Longshore, D., Hsieh, S., Anglin, M. D., & Annon. T. A. (1992). Ethnic patterns in drug abuse treatment utilization. Journal of Mental Health Administration, 19, 268–277.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lubben, J. E., Chi, I., & Kitano, H. H. L. (1989). The relative influence of selected social factors on Korean drinking behavior in Los Angeles. Advances in Alcohol and Substance Abuse, 8, 1–17.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maddahian, E., Newcomb, M. D., & Bentler, P. M. (1986). Adolescents’ substance abuse: Impact of ethnicity, income, and availability. Advances in Alcohol and Substance Abuse, 5, 63–78.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Madsen, W. (1964). The alcoholic agringado. American Anthropologist, 66, 355–361.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manning, P. K., & Redlinger, L. J. (1983). Drugs as work. Research in the Sociology of Work, 2, 275–301.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marin, B. V, & Flores, E. (1994). Acculturation, sexual behavior, and alcohol use among Latinas. International Journal of the Addictions, 29, 1101–1114.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marin, G. (1992). Issues in the measurement of acculturation among Hispanics. In K. F. Geisinger (Ed.), Psychological testing of Hispanics (pp. 235–251). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marin, G., & Posner, S. F. (1995). The role of gender and acculturation on determining the consumption of alcoholic beverages among Mexican-Americans and Central Americans in the United States. International Journal of the Addictions, 30, 779–794.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mark, G. Y. (1975). Racial, economic, and political factors in the development of America’s first drug laws. Issues in Criminology, 10, 49–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Markides, K. S., Krause, N., & Mendes de Leon, C. F. (1988). Acculturation and alcohol consumption among Mexican Americans: A three-generation study. American Journal of Public Health, 78, 1178–1181.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, J., & Zweban, J. E. (1993). Addressing treatment needs of Southeast Asian Mien opium users in California. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 25, 73–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McLaughlin, D. G., Raymond, J. S., Murakami, S. R., & Goebert, D. (1987). Drug use among Asian Americans in Hawaii. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 19, 85–94.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mendoza, R. H. (1989). An empirical scale to measure type and degree of acculturation in Mexican-American adolescents and adults. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 20, 372–385.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mensch, B. S., & Kandel, D. B. (1988). Underreporting of substance use in a national longitudinal youth cohort. Public Opinion Quarterly, 52, 100–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, J. (1990). Mexican American women addicts: The influence of family background. In R. Glick & J. Moore (Eds.), Drugs in Hispanic communities (pp. 127–155). New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, J. (1991). Going down to the barrio: Homeboys and homegirls in change. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, J. (1994). The Chola life course: Chicana heroin users and the Barrio gang. International Journal of the Addictions, 29, 1115–1126.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, J., & Devitt, M. (1989). The paradox of deviance in addicted Mexican American mothers. Gender and Society, 3, 53–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, J., & Vigil, J. D. (1987). Chicano gangs: Group norms and individual factors related to adult criminality. Aztlan, 18, 27–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, J., Vigil, J. D., & Garcia, R. (1983). Residence and territorially in chicano gangs. Social Problems, 31, 182–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murakami, S. R. (1989). An epidemiological survey of alcohol, drug, and mental health problems in Hawaii: A comparison of four ethnic groups. In D. Spiegler, D. Tate, S. Aitken, & C. Christian (Eds.), Alcohol use among U.S. ethnic minorities (NIAAA Research Monograph No. 18, pp. 343–353). Washington, DC: US. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Musto, D. F. (1993). Opium, cocaine, and marijuana in American history. Scientific American [Special issue], 30-37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neff, J. A. (1986). Alcohol consumption and psychological distress among US Anglos, Hispanics, and Blacks. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 21, 111–119.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neff, J. A., Hoppe, S. K., & Perea, P. (1987). Acculturation and alcohol use: Drinking patterns and problems among Anglo and Mexican American male drinkers. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Science, 2, 151–181.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nencini, P., Grassi, M. C., Botan, A. A., Asseyr, A. F., & Paroli, E. (1989). Khat chewing spread to the Somali community in Rome. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 23, 255–258.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neuhaus, C., Jr. (1993). The disease controversy revisited: An ontologie perspective. Journal of Drug Issues, 23, 463–478.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newman, R. K. (1995). Opium smoking in late imperial China: A reconsideration. Modern Asian Studies, 29, 765–794.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicassio, P. M. (1983). Psychosocial correlates of alienation: Study of a sample of indochinese refugees. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 14, 337–351.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicassio, P. M., & Pate, J. K. (1984). An analysis of problems of resettlement of the Indochinese refugees in the United States. Social Psychiatry, 19, 135–141.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oetting, E. R. (1993). Orthogonal cultural identification: Theoretical links between cultural identification and substance use. In M. R. De la Rosa & J. L. R. Adrados (Eds.), Drug abuse among minority youth: Methodological issues and recent research advances (NIDA Research Monograph Series 130, pp. 32–57). Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Page, J. B., Rio, L., Sweeney, J., & McKay, C. (1985). Alcohol and adaptation to exile in Miami’s Cuban population. In L. A. Bennet & G. Ames (Eds.), The American experience with alcohol: Contrasting cultural perspectives (pp. 315–332). New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pérez-Arce, P. (1994). Substance use patterns of Latinas: Commentary. International Journal of the Addictions, 29, 1189–1199.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Poole, E. D., & Pogrebin, M. R. (1990). Crime and law enforcement policy in the Korean American community. Police Studies, 13, 57–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez, O., Adrados, J.-L. R., & De la Rosa, M. R. (1993). Integrating mainstream and subcultural explanations of drug use among Puerto Rican youth. In M. R. De la Rosa & J. L. R. Adrados (Eds.), Drug abuse among minority youth: Methodological issues and recent research advances (NIDA Research Monograph Series 130, pp. 8–31). Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubinstein, A. (1973). How China got rid of opium. Monthly Review, 25, 58–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rynearson, A. M., & DeVoe, P. A. (1984). Refugee women in a vertical village: Lowland Laotians in St. Louis. Social Thought, 10, 33–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schiller, N. G. (1992). What’s wrong with this picture? The hegemonic construction of culture in AIDS research in the United States. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 6, 237–254.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, A. J. (1989). Middle-class educational values among Latino gang members in East Los Angeles County high schools. Urban Education, 24(3), 323–342.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwitters, S. Y., Johnson, R. C., Wilson, J. R., & McClearn, G. E. (1982). Ethnicity and alcohol. Hawaiian Medical Journal, 41, 60–63.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singer, K. (1972). Drinking patterns and alcoholism in the Chinese. British Journal of Addiction, 67, 3–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spode, H. (1992). Normales und abweichendes Trinken: Entstehung und Folgen einer symbolischen Grenzziehung. MMG—Medizin, Mensch, Gesellschaft, 17, 108–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sue, S., & Morishima, J. K. (1982). The mental health of Asian Americans. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sue, S., & Nakamura, C. Y (1984). An integrative model of physiological and social/psychological factors in alcohol consumption among Chinese and Japanese Americans. Journal of Drug Issues, 14, 349–364.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sue, S., Zane, N., & Ito, J. (1979). Alcohol drinking patterns among Asian and Caucasian Americans. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 10, 41–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sue, S., Kitano, H. H. L., Hatanaka, J., & Yeung, J. T. (1985). Alcohol consumption among Chinese in the United States. In L. A. Bennet & G. Ames (Eds.), The American experience with alcohol: Contrasting cultural perspectives (pp. 359–371). New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Szapocznik, J., Scopetta, M. A., & King, O. E. (1978). Theory and practice in matching treatment to the special characteristics and problems of Cuban immigrants. Journal of Community Psychology, 6, 112–122.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Szapocznik, J., Scopetta, M. A., Kurtines, W. M., & Aranalde, A. (1978). Theory and measurement of acculturation. Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 12, 113–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Szapocznik, J., Kurtines, W. A., & Fernandez, T. (1980). Bicultural involvement and adjustment in Hispanic American youths. International Journal of Intercultural Relationships, 4, 353–366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Szapocznik, J., Rio, A. T., Murray, E., Cohen, R., Scopetta, M., Rivas-Vazquez, A., Hervis, O., Posada, V, & Kurtines, W. M., (1989). Structural family vs. psychodynamic child therapy for problematic Hispanic boys. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57, 571–578.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Szapocznik, J., Rio, A. T., Hervis, O. E., Mitrani, V B., Kurtines, W. M., & Faraci, A. M. (1991). Assessing change in family functioning as a result of treatment: The structural family systems ratings scale (SFSR). Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 17, 295–310.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, T. (1995). Acculturative stress in the adjustment of immigrant families. Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless, 4, 131–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomasello, A., Tyler, F. B., Tyler, S. L., & Zhang, Y. (1993). Psychosocial correlates of drug use among Latino youth leading autonomous lives. International Journal of the Addictions, 28, 435–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Towle, L. (1988). Japanese-American drinking: Some results from the joint Japanese-U.S. alcohol epidemiology project. Alcohol Health and Research World, 12, 216–223.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trimble, J. E., Padilla, A. M., & Bell, C. S. (Eds.). (1987). Drug abuse among ethnic minorities (DHHS Publication No. 87–1474). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trotter, R. T, II. (1985). Mexican-American experience with alcohol: South Texas examples. In L. A. Bennet & G. Ames (Eds.), The American experience with alcohol: Contrasting cultural perspectives (pp. 279–296). New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Truan, F. (1993). Addiction as a social construction: A postempirical view. Journal of Psychology, 127, 489–499.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsunoda, T., Parrish, K. M., Higuchi, S., Stinson, F. S., Kono, H., Ogata, M., & Harford, T. C. (1992). The effect of acculturation on drinking attitudes among Japanese in Japan and Japanese Americans in Hawaii and California. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 53, 369–377.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vega, W. A., Zimmerman, R., Gil, A., Warheit, G. J., & Apospori, E. (1993). Acculturation strain theory: Its application in explaining drug use behavior among Cuban and other Hispanic youth. In M. R. De la Rosa & J. L. R. Adrados (Eds.), Drug abuse among minority youth: Methodological issues and recent research advances (NIDA Research Monograph Series 130, pp. 144–166). Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Velez, C. N., & Ungemack, J. A. (1989). Drug use among Puerto Rican youth: An exploration of generational status differences. Social Science and Medicine, 29, 779–789.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Velez, C. N., & Ungemack, J. A. (1995). Psychosocial correlates of drug use among Puerto Rican youth: Generational status differences. Social Science and Medicine, 40, 91–103.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vigil, J. D. (1983). Chicano gangs: One response to Mexican urban adaptation in the Los Angeles area. Urban Anthropology, 12, 45–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vigil, J. D. (1988). Group processes and street identity: Adolescent Chicano gang members. Ethos, 16, 421–445.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waldorf, D. (1993). Don’t be your own best customer-drug use of San Francisco gang drug sellers. Crime, Law, and Social Change, 19, 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, W. O., Jr. (1996). Drugs in the Western Hemisphere: An odyssey of cultures in conflict. Wilmington, DE: Jaguar Books on Latin America, Scholarly Resources.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, J. M., Jr., & Bachman, J. G. (1993). Validity of self-reports in student-based studies on minority populations: Issues and concerns. In M. R. De la Rosa & J. L. R. Adrados (Eds.), Drug abuse among minority youth: Methodological issues and recent research advances (NIDA Research Monograph Series 130, pp. 167–200). Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waters, T. (1990). Adaptation and migration among the Mien people of Southeast Asia. Ethnic Groups, 8, 127–141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weisner, C. (1992). The merging of alcohol and drug treatment: A policy review. Journal of Public Health Policy, 13, 66–80.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westermeyer, J. (1978). Indigenous and expatriate addicts in Laos: A comparison. Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry, 2, 139–150.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westermeyer, J. (1993). Substance use disorders among young minority refugees: Common themes in a clinical sample. In M. R. De la Rosa & J. L. R. Adrados (Eds.), Drug abuse among minority youth: Methodological issues and recent research advances (NIDA Research Monograph Series 130, pp. 308–320). Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westermeyer, J., Neider, J., & Vang, T. F (1984). Acculturation and mental health: A study of Hmong refugees at 1.5 and 3.5 years postmigration. Social Science and Medicine, 18, 87–93.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yee, B. W, & Thu, N. (1987). Correlates of drug use and abuse among Indochinese refugees: Mental health implications. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 19, 77–83.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yee, B. W., Castro, E., Hammond, W. R., John, R., Wyatt, G. E., & Yung, B. R. (1995). Risk-taking and abusive behaviors among ethnic minorities. Health Psychology, 14, 622–31.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu, E. S. H., & Liu, W. T. (1986–1987). Alcohol use and abuse among Chinese-Americans: Epidemiologic data. Alcohol Health and Research World, 11, 14–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zatz, M. S. (1985). Los Cholos: Legal processing of Chicano gang members. Social Problems, 33, 13–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zatz, M. S. (1987). Chicano youth gangs and crime: The creation of a moral panic. Contemporary Crises, 11, 129–158.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06511, USA

    L. A. Rebhun

Authors
  1. L. A. Rebhun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106-4945, USA

    Sana Loue

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Rebhun, L.A. (1998). Substance Use among Immigrants to the United States. In: Loue, S. (eds) Handbook of Immigrant Health. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1936-6_24

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1936-6_24

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-1938-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-1936-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation