Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Positron Emission Tomography and Neuropsychological Function

  • Chapter
Neuropsychological Function and Brain Imaging

Part of the book series: Critical Issues in Neuropsychology ((CINP))

Abstract

The cerebral localization not only of elementary sensory or motor functions but also of complex mental activities and human behavior has been dominated traditionally by neuroanatomic concepts derived from correlative clinicopathological studies. However, these morphologically biased views culminating in Kleist’s largely speculative brain charts (Kleist, 1937) lacked the physiological dimension. In contrast, physiological experiments with intraoperative electrical stimulation of the cerebral cortex, as performed most systematically by Penfield and Rasmussen (1950), provided only sketchy information on the highly complex regional interactions associated with neuropsychological functions. For a while, this dilemma favored by methodological one-sidedness caused a resurgence of the old universalistic notion that localization is an artificial observer-made attribute of the brain (Gooddy & McKissock, 1951). Recent interdisciplinary research, though, has shown much evidence to the contrary, but at a more sophisticated conceptual level of stochastic cybernetics.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Alavi, A., Ferris, S., Wolf, A., Reivich, M., Farkas, T., Dann, R., Christman, D., Mac-Gregor, R. R., & Fowler, J. (1980). Determination of cerebral metabolism in senile dementia using F-18-deoxyglucose and positron emission tomography. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 21, P21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alavi, A., Fazekas, F., Chawluk, J., & Zimmerman, R. (1987). Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in normal aging and dementia. In J. S. Meyer, H. Lechner, M. Reivich, & E. O. Ott (Eds.), Cerebral vascular disease 6 (pp. 191–195). Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: Excerpta Medica.

    Google Scholar 

  • Babikian, V. L., Ackerman, R. H., Kelley, R. E., Correia, J. A., Alpert, N. M., Feinberg, W. M., & Taveras, J. M. (1985). CT and PET findings after onset and resolution of Korsakoff’s syndrome due to thalamic hemorrhage. Annals of Neurology, 18, 128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baxter, L. R., Phelps, M. E., Mazziotta, J. C., Guze, B. H., Schwartz, J. M., & Selin, C. E. (1987). Local cerebral glucose metabolic rates in obsessive-compulsive disorder—a comparison with rates in unipolar depression and in normal controls. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, 211–218.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Benson, D. F., Kuhl, D. E., Phelps, M. E., Cummings, J. L., & Tsai, S. Y. (1981). Positron emission computed tomography in the diagnosis of dementia. Transactions of the American Neurological Association, 106, 68–71.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernard, C. (1865). Introduction à l’étude de la médicine expérimentale. Paris: Baillière.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bosley, T. M., Dann, R., Silver, F. L., Alavi, A., Kushner, M., Chawluk, J. B., Savino, P. J., Sergott, R. C., Schatz, N. J., & Reivich, M. (1987). Recovery of vision after ischemic lesions: Positron emission tomography. Annals of Neurology, 21, 444–450.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buchsbaum, M. S., Holcomb, H. H., Johnson, J., King, A. C., & Kessler, R. (1983). Cerebral metabolic consequences of electrical cutaneous stimulation in normal individuals. Human Neurobiology, 2, 35–38.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buchsbaum, M. S., Wu, J. C., DeLisi, L. E., Holcomb, H. H., Hazlett, E., Cooper-Langston, K., & Kessler, R. (1987). Positron emission tomography studies of basal ganglia and somatosensory cortex neuroleptic drug effects: Differences between normal controls and schizophrenic patients. Biological Psychiatry, 22, 479–494.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bustany, P., Henry, J. F., Sargent, T., Zarifian, E., Cabanis, E., Collard, P., & Comar, D. (1983). Local brain protein metabolism in dementia and schizophrenia: In vivo studies with 11C-l-methionine and positron emission tomography. In W.-D. Heiss & M. E. Phelps (Eds.), Positron emission tomography of the brain (pp. 208–211). Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Chase, T. N., Fedio, P., Foster, N. L., Brooks, R., Di Chiro, G., & Mansi, L. (1984). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale performance—cortical localization by fluorodeoxyglucose F18-positron emission tomography. Archives of Neurology, 41, 1244–1247.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chase, T. N., Foster, N. L., Fedio, P., Brooks, R., Mansi, L., Kessler, R., & Di Chiro, G. (1984). Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: Studies with the fluorine-18-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomographic method. Annals of Neurology, 15 (Suppl.), S175.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chawluk, J. B., Alavi, A., Jamieson, D. G., Hurtig, H. I., Gur, R. E., Resnick, S. M., Rosen, M., & Reivich, M. (1987). Changes in local cerebral glucose metabolism with normal aging: The effect of cardiovascular and systemic health factors. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 7, (Suppl. 1), S411.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chugani, H. T., Phelps, M. E., Light, R. K., & Mazziotta, J. C. (1987). Metabolic correlates of mental retardation in childhood determined with FDG positron emission tomography (PET). Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 7, (Suppl. 1), S533.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chugani, H. T., Phelps, M. E., & Mazziotta, J. C. (1987). Positron emission tomography study of human brain functional development. Annals of Neurology, 22, 487–497.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • D’Antona, R., Baron, J. C., Samson, Y., Serdaru, M., Viader, F., Agid, Y., & Cambier, J. (1985). Sub-cortical dementia—frontal cortex hypometabolism detected by positron tomography in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy. Brain, 108, 785–799.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Leon, M. J., Ferris, S. H., George, A. E., Christman, D. R., Fowler, J. S., Gentes, C., Reisberg, B., Gee, B., Emmerich, M., Yonekura, Y., Brodie, J., Kricheff, I. I., & Wolf, A. P. (1983). Positron emission tomographic studies of aging and Alzheimer disease. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 4, 568–571.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Leon, M. J., George, A. E., Ferris, S. H., Rosenbloom, S., Christman, D. R., Gentes, C. I., Reisberg, B., Kricheff, I. I., & Wolf, A. P. (1983). Regional correlation of PET and CT in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 4, 553–556.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DeLisi, L. E., Buchsbaum, M. S., Holcomb, H. H., Dowling-Zimmerman, S., Pickar, D., Boronow, J., Morihisa, J. M., van Kammen, D. P., Carpenter, W., Kessler, R., & Cohen, R. M. (1985). Clinical correlates of decreased anteroposterior metabolic gradients in positron emission tomography (PET) of schizophrenic patients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 142, 78–81.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duara, R., Grady, C., Haxby, J., Ingvar, D., Sokoloff, L., Margolin, R. A., Manning, R. G., Cutler, N. R., & Rapoport, S. I. (1984). Human brain glucose utilization and cognitive function in relation to age. Annals of Neurology, 16, 702–713.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duara, R., Barker, W., Chang, J. Y., Yoshii, F., & Apicella, A. (1986). The use of a behavioral “stress” test to enhance metabolic abnormalities in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 27, 1025.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duara, R., Chang, J., Barker, W., Yoshii, F., & Apicella, A. (1986). Correlation of regional cerebral metabolic activation to performance in activating tasks. Neurology, 36, (Suppl. 1), 349.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duara, R., Grady, C., Haxby, J., Sundaram, M., Cutler, N. R., Heston, L., Moore, A., Schlageter, N., Larson, S., & Rapoport, S. I. (1986c). Positron emission tomography in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology, 36, 879–887.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duara, R., Yoshii, F., Chang, J., Barker, W., Apicella, A., Parks, R., & Emran, A. (1987). Complex reading memory task during PET in normal and memory-impaired subjects. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 7, (Suppl. 1), S312.

    Google Scholar 

  • Early, T. S., Reiman, E. M., Raichle, M. E., & Spitznagel, E. L. (1987). Left globus pallidus abnormality in never-medicated patients with schizophrenia (cerebral blood flow/positron emission tomography). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 84, 561–563.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farde, L., Wiesel, F. A., Hall, H., Halldin, C., Stone-Elander, S., & Sedvall, G. (1987). No D2 receptor increase in PET study of schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, 671–672.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farkas, T., Wolf, A. P., Jaeger, J., Brodie, J. D. Christman, D. R., & Fowler, J. S. (1984). Regional brain glucose metabolism in chronic schizophrenia—a positron emission transaxial tomographic study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 41, 293–300.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foster, N. L., Chase, T. N., Fedio, P., Patronas, N. J., Brooks, R. A., & Di Chiro, G. (1983). Alzheimer’s disease: Focal cortical changes shown by positron emission tomography. Neurology, 33, 961–965.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foster, N. L., Chase, T. N., Patronas, N. J., Gillespie, M. M., & Fedio, P. (1986). Cerebral mapping of apraxia in Alzheimer’s disease by positron emission tomography. Annals of Neurology, 19, 139–143.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fox, P. T., & Raichle, M. E. (1984). Stimulus rate dependence of regional cerebral blood flow in human striate cortex demonstrated by positron emission tomography. Journal of Neurophysiology, 51, 1109–1121.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fox, P. T., Petersen, S. E., Posner, M. I., & Raichle, M. E. (1987). Language-related brain activation measured with PET: Comparison of auditory and visual word presentations. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 7, (Suppl. 1), S294.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frackowiak, R. S. J., Lenzi, G.-L., Jones, T., & Heather, J. D. (1980). Quantitative measurement of regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism in man using 15O and positron emission tomography: Theory, procedure and normal values. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography, 4, 727–736.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frackowiak, R. S. J., Pozzilli, C., Legg, N. J., Du Boulay, G. H., Marshall, J., Lenzi, G. L., & Jones, T. (1981). Regional cerebral oxygen supply and utilization in dementia—a clinical and physiological study with oxygen-15 and positron tomography. Brain, 104, 753–778.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frackowiak, R. S. J., Herold, S., Petty, R. K. H., & Morgan-Hughes, J. A. (1987). Dementia in mitochondrial cytopathy: Clinical heterogeneity explained by altered cerebral oxygen: glucose stoichiometry. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 7 (Suppl 1), S384.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedland, R. P., Budinger, T. F., Ganz, E., Yano, Y., Mathis, C. A., Koss, B., Ober, B. A., Huesman, R. H., & Derenzo, S. E. (1983). Regional cerebral metabolic alterations in dementia of the Alzheimer type: Positron emission tomography with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography, 7, 590–598.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friedland, R. P., Prusiner, S. B., Jagust, W. J., Budinger, T. F., & Davis, R. L. (1984). Bitemporal hypometabolism in Creutzfeldt—Jakob disease measured by positron emission tomography with [I8F]-2-fluorodeoxyglucose. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography, 8, 978–981.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friedland, R. P., Jagust, W. J., Budinger, T. F., Koss, E., Ober, B. A., Dronkers, N. F., & Swain, B. E. (1987). Consistency of temporal-parietal cortex hypometabolism in probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD): Relationships to cognitive decline. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 7, (Suppl. 1), S403.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gooddy, W., & McKissock, W. (1951). The theory of cerebral localisation. The Lancet, 260, 481–483.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg, J. H., Reivich, M., Alavi, A., Hand, P., Rosenquist, A., Rintelmann, W., Stein, A., Tusa, R., Dann, R., Christman, D., Fowler, J., MacGregor, B., & Wolf, A. (1981). Metabolic mapping of functional activity in human subjects with the [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose technique. Science, 212, 678–680.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gur, R. C., Gur, R. E., Rosen, A. D., Warach, S., Alavi, A., Greenberg, J., & Reivich, M. (1983). A cognitive-motor network demonstrated by positron emission tomography. Neuropsychologia, 21, 601–606.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gur, R. E., Resnick, S. M., Alavi, A., Gur, R. C., Caroff, S., Dann, R., Silver, F. C., Saykin, A. J., Chawluk, J. B., & Kushner, M. (1987). Regional brain function in schizophrenia—1. A positron emission tomography study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, 119–125.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hachinski, V. C., Iliff, L. D., Zilhka, E., Du Boulay, G. H., McAllister, V. L., Marshall, J., Ross Russell, R. W., & Symon, L. (1975). Cerebral blood flow in dementia. Archives of Neurology, 32, 632–637.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hatazawa, J., Brooks, R. A., Di Chiro, G., & Bacharach, S. L. (1987). Glucose metabolic rate versus brain size in humans. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 7, (Suppl. 1), S301.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haxby, J. V., Grady, C. L., Duara, R., Schlageter, N., Berg, G., & Rapoport, S. I. (1986). Neocortical metabolic abnormalities precede nonmemory cognitive defects in early Alzheimer’s-type dementia. Archives of Neurology, 43, 882–885.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haxby, J. V., Grady, C. L., Koss, E., Friedland, R. P., & Rapoport, S. I. (1987). Longitudinal study of brain metabolic and neuropsychological heterogeneity in dementia of the Alzheimer type: Evidence for subtypes. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 7, (Suppl. 1), S377.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayden, M. R., Hewitt, J., Stoessl, A. J., Clark, C., Ammann, W., & Martin, W. R. W. (1987). The combined use of positron emission tomography and DNA polymorphisms for preclinical detection of Huntington’s disease. Neurology, 37, 1441–1447.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heiss, W.-D., Pawlik, G., Herholz, K., Wagner, R., & Wienhard, K. (1985). Regional cerebral glucose metabolism in man during wakefulness, sleep, and dreaming. Brain Research, 327, 362–366.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heiss, W.-D., Herholz, K., Böcher-Schwarz, H. G., Pawlik, G., Wienhard, K., Steinbrich, W., & Friedman, G. (1986). PET, CT, and MR imaging in cerebrovascular disease. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography, 10, 903–911.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heiss, W.-D., Pawlik, G., Hebold, I., Herholz, K., Wagner, R., & Wienhard, K. (1987). Metabolic pattern of speech activation in healthy volunteers, aphasics, and focal epileptics. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 7, (Suppl. 1), S299.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heiss, W.-D., Hebold, I., Klinkhammer, P., Ziffling, P., Szelies, B., Pawlik, G., & Herholz, K. (1988). Effect of piracetam on cerebral glucose metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease as measured by positron emission tomography. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 8, 613–617.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herholz, K., Krieg, J. C., Emrich, H. M., Pawlik, G., Beil, C., Pirke, K. M., Pahl, J. J., Wagner, R., Wienhard, K. Ploog, D., & Heiss, W.-D. (1987). Regional cerebral glucose metabolism in anorexia nervosa measured by positron emission tomography. Biological Psychiatry, 22, 43–51.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herold, S., Frackowiak, R. S. J., Rutter, M., & Howlin, P. (1985). Regional cerebral blood flow, oxygen metabolism, and glucose metabolism in young autistic adults. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 5, (Suppl. 1), S189–S190.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herscovitch, P., Markham, J., & Raichle, M. E. (1983). Brain blood flow measured with intravenous H2 15O. I. Theory and error analysis. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 24, 782–789.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horowitz, S., Benson, D. F., Kuhl, D. E., & Cummings, J. L. (1982). FDG scan to confirm Creutzfeldt-Jakob diagnosis. Neurology, 32, A167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horwitz, B., Duara, R., & Rapoport, S. I. (1986). Age differences in intercorrelations between regional cerebral metabolic rates for glucose. Annals of Neurology, 19, 60–67.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horwitz, B., Grady, C. L., Schlageter, N. L., Duara, R., & Rapoport S. I. (1987). Intercorrelations of regional cerebral glucose metabolic rates in Alzheimer’s disease. Brain Research, 407, 294–306.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ingvar, D. H., & Lassen, N. A. (Eds.). (1975). Brain work: The coupling of function, metabolism and blood flow in the brain. Copenhagen: Munksgaard.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jagust, W. J., Friedland, R. P., & Budinger, T. F. (1985). Positron emission tomography with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose differentiates normal pressure hydrocephalus from Alzheimer-type dementia. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 48, 1091–1096.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jagust, W. J., Friedland, R. P., Koss, E., Ober, B. A., Mathis, C. A., Huesman, R. H., & Budinger, T. F. (1987). Sequential studies of regional cerebral glucose metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 7, (Suppl. 1), S414.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamieson, D. G., Chawluk, J. B., Alavi, A., Hurtig, H. I., Rosen, M., Bais, S., Dann, R., Kushner, M., & Reivich, M. (1987). The effect of disease severity on local cerebral glucose metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 7 (Suppl 1), S410.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamo, H., McGeer, P. L., Harrop, R., McGeer, E. G., Calne, D. B., Martin, W. R. W., & Pate, B. D. (1987). Positron emission tomography and histopathology in Pick’s disease. Neurology, 37, 439–445.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kempler, D., Metter, E. J., Jackson, C. A., Hanson, W. R., Mazziotta, J. C., & Phelps, M. E. (1987). A metabolic investigation of a disconnection syndrome: Conduction aphasia. Annals of Neurology, 22, 134–135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kessler, R. M., Parker, E. S., Clark, C. M., Martin, P. R., George, D. T., Weingartner, H., Sokoloff, L., Ebert, M. H., & Mishkin, M. (1985). Regional cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with alcoholic Korsakoff’s syndrome. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 26, P46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kishimoto, H., Kuwahara, H., Ohno, S., Takazu, O., Hama, Y., Sato, C., Ishii, T., Nomura, Y., Fujita, H., Miyauchi, T., Matsushita, M., Yokoi, S., & Iio, M. (1987). Three subtypes of chronic schizophrenia identified using 11C-glucose positron emission tomography. Psychiatry Research, 21, 285–292.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kishimoto, H., Takazu, O., Ohno, S., Yamaguchi, T., Fujita, H., Kuwahara, H., Takayoshi, I., Matsushita, M., Yokoi, S., & Iio, M. (1987). 11C-Glucose metabolism in manic and depressed patients. Psychiatry Research, 22, 81–88.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kleist, K. (1937). Bericht über die Gehirnpathologie in ihrer Bedeutung für Neurologie und Psychiatrie. Zeitschrift für die gesamte Neurologie und Psychiatrie, 158, 159–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kling, A. S., Metter, E. J., Riege, W. H., & Kuhl, D. E. (1986). Comparison of PET measurement of local brain glucose metabolism and CAT measurement of brain atrophy in chronic schizophrenia and depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 143, 175–180.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koeppe, R. A., Holden, J. E., Polcyn, R. E., Nickles, R. J., Hutchins, G. D., & Weese, J. L. (1985). Quantitation of local cerebral blood flow and partition coefficient without arterial sampling: Theory and validation. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 5, 214–223.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhl, D. E., Metter, E. J., Riege, W. H., & Phelps, M. E. (1982). Effects of human aging on patterns of local cerebral glucose utilization determined by the (18F)fluorodeoxyglucose method. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 2, 163–171.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhl, D. E., Metter, E. J., Riege, W. H., Hawkins, R. A., Mazziotta, J. C., Phelps, M. E., & Kling, A. S. (1983). Local cerebral glucose utilization in elderly patients with depression, multiple infarct dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 3, (Suppl. 1), S494–S495.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhl, D. E., Metter, E. J., Riege, W. H., & Markham, C. H. (1984). Patterns of cerebral glucose utilization in Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease. Annals of Neurology, 15 (Suppl), S119–S125.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhl, D. E., Metter, E. J., Benson, D. F., Ashford, J. W., Riege, W. H., Fujikawa, D. G., Markham, C. H., Mazziotta, J. C., Maltese, A., & Dorsey, D. A. (1985). Similarities of cerebral glucose metabolism in Alzheimer’s and parkinsonian dementia. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 5, (Suppl. 1), S169–S170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhl, D. E., Small, G. W., Riege, W. H., Fujikawa, D. G., Metter, E. J., Benson, D. F., Ashford, J. W., Mazziotta, J. C., Maltese, A., & Dorsey, D. A. (1987). Cerebral metabolic patterns before the diagnosis of probable Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 7, (Suppl. 1), S406.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kushner, M. J., Reivich, M., Alavi, A., Greenberg, J., Stern, M., & Dann, R. (1982). A PET study of the physiopathology of pure word mutism. Neurology, 32, A125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kushner, M., Reivich, M., Fazekas, F., McElhany, K., Rosen, M., Chawluk, J., & Alavi, A. (1987). Studies of cerebral metabolism and language dysfunction after acute ischémic aphasia. Annals of Neurology, 22, 135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kushner, M. J., Schwartz, R., Alavi, A., Dann, R., Rosen, M., Silver, F., & Reivich, M. (1987). Cerebral glucose consumption following verbal auditory stimulation. Brain Research, 409, 79–87.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lammertsma, A. A., Wise, R. J. S., Heather, J. D., Gibbs, J. M., Leenders, K. L., Frackowiak, R. S. J., Rhodes, C. G., & Jones, T. (1983). Correction for the presence of intravascular oxygen-15 in the steady-state technique for measuring regional oxygen extraction ratio in the brain: 2. Results in normal subjects and brain tumour and stroke patients. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 3, 425–431.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lauter, J. L., Formby, C., Fox, P., Herscovitch, P., & Raichle, M. E. (1983). Tonotopic organization in human auditory cortex as revealed by regional changes in cerebral blood flow. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 3, (Suppl. 1), S248–S249.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leenders, K. L., Frackowiak, R. S. J., & Lees, A. J. (1987). Steele-Richardson-Olszewski (SRO) syndrome (supranuclear palsy) studied with positron emission tomography (PET). Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 7, (Suppl. 1), S397.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leenders, K. L., Healy, M., Frackowiak, R., Buchingham, P., Lammertsma, A., & Jones, T. (1987). Effect of age on oxygen metabolism and CBF in healthy volunteers studied with positron emission tomography (PET). Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 7, (Suppl. 1), S398.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lenzi, G. L., Frackowiak, R. S. J., Jones, T., Heather, J. D., Lammertsma, A. A., Rhodes, C. G., & Pozzilli, C. (1981). CMRO2 and CBF by the oxygen-15 inhalation technique: Results in normal volunteers and cerebrovascular patients. European Neurology, 20, 285–290.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loewenstein, D., Yoshii, F., Barker, W. W., Apicella, A., Emran, A., Chang, J. Y., & Duara, R. (1987). Predominant left hemisphere metabolic deficit predicts early manifestation of dementia. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 7, (Suppl. 1), S416.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lucignani, G., Mori, K., Jay, T., Palombo, E., Nelson, T., Schmidt, K., & Sokoloff, L. (1987). Refinement of the kinetic model of the 2-[14C]deoxyglucose method to conform with known cell biology of G6 Pase activity in brain. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 7, (Suppl. 1), S478.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mangold, R., Sokoloff, L., Conner, E., Kleinerman, J., Therman, P.-O. G., & Kety, S. S. (1955). The effects of sleep and lack of sleep on the cerebral circulation and metabolism of normal young men. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 34, 1092–1100.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mazière, B., Baron, J. C., Loc’h, C., Cambon, H., & Agid, Y. (1987). Progressive supranuclear palsy studied by PET. In W.-D. Heiss, G. Pawlik, K. Herholz, & K. Wienhard (Eds.), Clinical efficacy of positron emission tomography (pp. 101–109). Dordrecht, Boston, Lancaster: Martinus Nijhoff.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Mazziotta, J. C., Phelps, M. E., Carson, R. E., & Kuhl, D. E. (1982a). Tomographic mapping of human cerebral metabolism: Sensory deprivation. Annals of Neurology, 12, 435–444.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mazziotta, J. C., Phelps, M. E., Carson, R. E., & Kuhl, D. E. (1982b). Tomographic mapping of human cerebral metabolism: Auditory stimulation. Neurology, 32, 921–937.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mazziotta, J. C., Phelps, M. E., & Carson, R. E. (1984). Tomographie mapping of human cerebral metabolism: Subcortical responses to auditory and visual stimulation. Neurology, 34, 825–828.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mazziotta, J. C., Phelps, M. E., & Wapenski, J. A. (1985). Human cerebral motor system metabolic responses in health and disease. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 5, (Suppl. 1), S213–S214.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGeer, P. L., Kamo, H., Harrop, R., Li, D. K. B., Tuokko, H., McGeer, E. G., Adam, M. J., Ammann, W., Beattie, B. L., Calne, D. B., Martin, W. R. W., Pate, B. D., Rogers, J. G., Ruth, T. J., Sayre, C. I., & Stoessl, A. J. (1986). Positron emission tomography in patients with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 134, 597–607.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McGeer, P. L., Kamo, H., Harrop, R., McGeer, E. G., Martin, W. R. W., Pate, B. D., & Li, D. K. B. (1986). Comparison of PET, MRI, and CT with pathology in a proven case of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology, 36, 1569–1574.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Metter, J. E., Riege, W. H., Hanson, W. R., Kuhl, D. E., Phelps, M. E., Squire, L. R., Wasterlain, C. G., & Benson, D. F. (1983). Comparison of metabolic rates, language, and memory in subcortical aphasias. Brain and Language, 19, 33–47.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Metter, J. E., Riege, W. H., Hanson, W. R., Camras, L. R., Phelps, M. E., & Kuhl, D. E. (1984). Correlations of glucose metabolism and structural damage to language function in aphasia. Brain and Language, 21, 187–207.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Metter, J. E., Jackson, C. A., Kempler, D., Camras, L., Hanson, W. R., Mazziotta, J. C., & Phelps, M. E. (1986). Glucose metabolic asymmetries in chronic Wernicke’s, Broca’s and conduction aphasias. Neurology, 36, (Suppl. 1), 317.

    Google Scholar 

  • Metz, J. T., Yasillo, N. J., & Cooper, M. (1987). Relationship between cognitive functioning and cerebral metabolism. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 7, (Suppl. 1), S305.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, J. S., Haymann, L. A., Yamamoto, M., Sakai, F., & Nakajima, S. (1980). Local cerebral blood flow measured by CT after stable xenon inhalation. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 1, 213–225.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, J. D., De Leon, M. J., Ferris, S. H., Kluger, A., George, A. E., Reisberg, B., Sachs, H. J., & Wolf, A. P. (1987). Abnormal temporal lobe response in Alzheimer’s disease during cognitive processing as measured by 11C-2-deoxy-D-glucose and PET. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 7, 248–251.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mintun, M. A., Raichle, M. E., Martin, W. R. W., & Herscovitch, P. (1984). Brain oxygen utilization measured with O-15 radiotracers and positron emission tomography. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 25, 177–187.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mountz, J., Curtis, G., Santa, C., Gebarski, S., Berent, S., Ehrenkaufer, R., & Koeppe, R. (1986). Alteration in regional cerebral blood flow in simple phobic anxiety demonstrated by O-15-H2O positron emission tomography (PET). Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 27, 901–902.

    Google Scholar 

  • Navia, B., Sidtis, J. J., Moeller, J. R., Strother, S. C., Dhawan, V., Ginos, J. Z., Price, R. W., & Rottenberg, D. A. (1987). Metabolic anatomy of the AIDS dementia complex. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 7, (Suppl. 1), S388.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pantano, P., Baron, J.-C., Lebrun-Grandie, P., Duquesnoy, N., Bousser, M.-G., & Comar, D. (1984). Regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption in human aging. Stroke, 15, 635–641.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pawlik, G. (1988). Positron emission tomography and multiregional statistical analysis of brain function: From exploratory methods for single cases to inferential tests for multiple group designs. In J. L. Willems, J. H. van Bemmel, & J. Michel (Eds.), Progress in computer-assisted function analysis (pp. 401–408). Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: Elsevier/North-Holland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pawlik, G., Beil, C., Herholz, K., Szelies, B., Wienhard, K., & Heiss, W.-D. (1985). Comparative dynamic FDG-PET study of functional deactivation in thalamic versus extrathalamic focal ischémic brain lesions. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 5, (Suppl. 1), S9–S10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pawlik, G., Heiss, W.-D., Herholz, K., Beil, C., Szelies, B., Wienhard, K., & Grünewald, G. (1985). Positron emission tomographic study of variations in brain glucose metabolism related to spontaneous speech. Journal of Neurology, 232 (Suppl.), 227.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pawlik, G., Herholz, K., Beil, C., Wagner, R., Wienhard, K., & Heiss, W.-D. (1985). Remote effects of focal lesions on cerebral flow and metabolism. In W.-D. Heiss (Ed.), Functional mapping of the brain in vascular disorders (pp. 59–83). Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Pawlik, G., Beil, C., Hebold, I., Herholz, K., Wienhard, K., & Heiss, W.-D. (1986). Positron emission tomography in depression research: Principles—results—perspectives. Psychopathology, 19, (Suppl. 2), 85–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pawlik, G., Herholz, K., Wienhard, K., Beil, C., & Heiss, W.-D. (1986). Some maximum likelihood methods useful for the regional analysis of dynamic PET data on brain glucose metabolism. In S. L. Bacharach (Ed.), Information processing in medical imaging (pp. 298–309). Dordrecht, Boston, Lancaster: Martinus Nijhoff.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pawlik, G., Heiss, W.-D., Beil, C., Grünewald, G., Herholz, K., Wienhard, K., & Wagner, R. (1987). Three-dimensional patterns of speech-induced cerebral and cerebellar activation in healthy volunteers and in aphasic stroke patients studied by positron emission tomography of 2(18F)-fluorodeoxyglucose. In J. S. Meyer, H. Lechner, M. Reivich, & E. O. Ott (Eds.), Cerebral vascular disease 6 (pp. 207–210). Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: Excerpta Medica.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pawlik, G., Heiss, W.-D., Beil, C., Wienhard, K., Herholz, K., & Wagner, R. (1987). PET demonstrates differential age dependence, asymmetry, and response to various stimuli of regional brain glucose metabolism in healthy volunteers. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 7, (Suppl. 1), S376.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pawlik, G., Heiss, W.-D., Stefan, H., Hebold, I. R., Herholz, K., & Wienhard, K. (1987). Refractory temporal lobe epilepsy: Diagnostic yield of interictal positron emission tomography improved by functional activation. In E. Bental & J. Manelis (Eds.), 17th epilepsy international congress (p. 91). Jerusalem: The Israel League against Epilepsy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pawlik, G., Heiss, W.-D., Wienhard, K., Hebold, I. R., Ziffling, P., Staffen, W., Herholz, K., & Wagner, R. (1987). Brain glucose metabolism and blood flow in ischémie stroke. In W.-D. Heiss, G. Pawlik, K. Herholz, & K. Wienhard (Eds.), Clinical efficacy of positron emission tomography (pp. 37–53). Dordrecht, Boston, Lancaster: Martinus Nijhoff.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Penfield, W., & Rasmussen, T. (1950). The cerebral cortex of man. New York: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phelps, M. E., Huang, S. C., Hoffman, E. J., Selin, C., Sokoloff, L., & Kuhl, D. E. (1979). Tomographic measurement of local cerebral glucose metabolic rate in humans with (F-18)2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose: Validation of method. Annals of Neurology, 6, 371–388.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Phelps, M. E., Mazziotta, J. C., Kuhl, D. E., Nuwer, M., Packwood, J., Metter, J., & Engel, J. (1981). Tomographic mapping of human cerebral metabolism: Visual stimulation and deprivation. Neurology, 31, 517–529.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Post, R. M., DeLisi, L. E., Holcomb, H. H., Uhde, T. W., Cohen, R., & Buchsbaum, M. S. (1987). Glucose utilization in the temporal cortex of affectively ill patients: Positron emission tomography. Biological Psychiatry, 22, 545–553.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reiman, E. M., Raichle, M. E., Robins, E., Butler, F. K., Herscovitch, P., Fox, P., & Perlmutter, J. (1986). The application of positron emission tomography to the study of panic disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 143, 469–477.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reivich, M., Greenberg, J., Alavi, A., Christman, D., Fowler, J., Hand, P., Rosenquist, A., Rintelmann, W., & Wolf, A. (1979). The use of the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose technique for mapping of functional neural pathways in man. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 60, (Suppl. 72), 198–199.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reivich, M., Kuhl, D., Wolf, A., Greenberg, J., Phelps, M. E., Ido, T., Casella, V., Fowler, J., Hoffman, E., Alavi, A., Som, P., & Sokoloff, L. (1979). The (18F)fluorodeoxyglucose method for the measurement of local cerebral glucose utilization in man. Circulation Research, 44, 127–137.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reivich, M., Gur, R. C., & Alavi, A. (1983). Positron emission tomographic studies of sensory stimuli, cognitive processes and anxiety. Human Neurobiology, 2, 25–33.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reivich, M., Alavi, A., & Gur, R. C. (1984). Positron emission tomographic studies of perceptual tasks. Annals of Neurology, 15 (Suppl.), S61–S65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Riege, W. H., Metter, E. J., Kuhl, D. E., & Phelps, M. E. (1985). Brain glucose metabolism and memory functions: Age decrease in factor scores. Journal of Gerontology, 40, 459–467.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roland, P. E., Eriksson, L., Stone-Elander, S., & Widen, L. (1987). Does mental activity change the oxidative metabolism of the brain? The Journal of Neuroscience, 7, 2373–2389.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roland, P. E., Eriksson, L., Widen, L., & Stone-Elander, S. (1987). Increases of the regional cerebral oxidative metabolism during tactile learning and recognition. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 7, (Suppl. 1), S315.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosen, W. G., Terry, R. D., Fuld, P. A., Katzman, R., & Peck, A. (1980). Pathological verification of ischemic score in differentiation of dementias. Annals of Neurology, 7, 486–488.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rumsey, J. M., Duara, R., Grady, C., Rapoport, J. L., Margolin, R. A., & Rapoport, S. I. (1985). Brain metabolism in autism. Archives of General Psychiatry, 42, 448–455.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schapiro, M. B., Haxby, J. V., Grady, C. L., Duara, R., Schlageter, N. L., White B., Moore, A., Sundaram, M., Larson, S. M., & Rapoport, S. I. (1987). Decline in cerebral glucose utilisation and cognitive function with aging in Down’s syndrome. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 50, 766–774.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, E. L., Christman, D. R., & Wolf, A. P. (1984). Human primary visual cortex topography imaged via positron tomography. Brain Research, 294, 225–230.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sokoloff, L. (1981). The relationship between function and energy metabolism: Its use in the localization of functional activity in the nervous system. Neurosciences Research Program Bulletin, 19, 159–210.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sokoloff, L., Reivich, M., Kennedy, C., Des Rosiers, M. H., Patlak, C. S., Pettigrew, K. D, Sakurada, O., & Shinohara, M. (1977). The [14C]deoxyglucose method for the measurement of local cerebral glucose utilization: Theory, procedure, and normal values in the conscious and anesthetized albino rat. Journal of Neurochemistry, 28, 897–916.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volkow, N. D., Brodie, J. D., Wolf, A. P., Gomez-Mont, F., Cancro, R., Van Gelder, P., Russell, J. A. G., & Overall, J. (1986). Brain organization in schizophrenia. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 6, 441–446.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volpe, B. T., & Hirst, W. (1983). The characterization of an amnesic syndrome following hypoxic ischemic injury. Archives of Neurology, 40, 436–440.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volpe, B. T., & Petito, C. K. (1985). Dementia with bilateral medial temporal lobe ischemia. Neurology, 35, 1793–1797.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volpe, B. T., Herscovitch, P., Raichle, M. E., Hirst, W., & Gazzaniga, M. S. (1983). Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in human amnesia. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 3, (Suppl. 1), S5–S6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Volpe, B. T., Herscovitch, P., & Raichle, M. E. (1984). PET evaluation of patients with amnesia after cardiac arrest. Stroke, 15, 196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wienhard, K., Pawlik, G., Herholz, K., Wagner, R., & Heiss, W.-D. (1985). Estimation of local cerebral glucose utilization by positron emission tomography of [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose: A critical appraisal of optimization procedures. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 5, 115–125.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wienhard, K., Coenen, H. H., Pawlik, G., Hebold, I., Jovkar, S., Stöcklin, G., & Heiss, W.-D. (1988). PET investigation of the dopaminergic system in neurological patients, using 3-N-(F-18)fluoroethylspiperone. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 29(1), 821.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiesel, F.-A., Wik, G., Sjögren, I., Blomqvist, G., Greitz, T., & Stone-Elander, S. (1987). Regional brain metabolism in drugfree schizophrenic patients as measured by positron emission tomography. In W.-D. Heiss, G. Pawlik, K. Herholz, & K. Wienhard (Eds.), Clinical efficacy of positron emission tomography (pp. 203–211). Dordrecht, Boston, Lancaster: Martinus Nijhoff.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Wong, D. F., Wagner, H. N., Jr., Tune, L. E., Dannais, R. F., Pearlson, G. D., Links, J. M., Tamminga, C. A., Broussolle, E. P., Ravert, H. T., Wilson, A. A., Toung, J. K. T., Malat, J., Williams, J. A., O’Tuama, L. A., Snyder, S. H., Kuhar, M. J., & Gjedde, A. (1986). Positron emission tomography reveals elevated D2 dopamine receptors in drug-naive schizophrenics. Science, 234, 1558–1563.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshii, F., Baker, W. W., Chang, J. Y., Kothari, P., Apicella, A., & Duara, R. (1987). Cerebral metabolism during visual activation: Effects of aging and dementia. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 7 (Suppl 1), S313.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zola-Morgan, S., Squire, L. R., & Amaral, D. G. (1986). Human amnesia and the medial temporal region: Enduring memory impairment following a bilateral lesion limited to field CA1 of the hippocampus. The Journal of Neuroscience, 6, 2950–2967.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute of Neurological Research, Cologne University Clinics, D-5000, Cologne 41, Federal Republic of Germany

    G. Pawlik & W.-D. Heiss

Authors
  1. G. Pawlik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. W.-D. Heiss
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Austin Neurological Clinic and Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78705, USA

    Erin D. Bigler

  2. Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA

    Ronald A. Yeo Ph.D.

  3. Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22903, USA

    Eric Turkheimer

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1989 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pawlik, G., Heiss, WD. (1989). Positron Emission Tomography and Neuropsychological Function. In: Bigler, E.D., Yeo, R.A., Turkheimer, E. (eds) Neuropsychological Function and Brain Imaging. Critical Issues in Neuropsychology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2534-3_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2534-3_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-2536-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-2534-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation