Natural Structural Shapes (A Unified Optimal Design Philosophy)

Abstract

Good design is based on a thorough understanding of the limitations imposed by natural law as well as the existent technology. In 1775 the Parisian Academy of Sciences ceased to accept papers concerning perpeda mobilae based on the universal observation that all motion within our experience eventually attenuates unless some sort of driving force sustains it. Such machines were later recognized to be in conflict with the second law of thermodynamics in that they implied entropy generation. The design of substances and materials is limited by the fact that there are numerous chemical reactions that cannot take place and chemical bonds that cannot be sustained. In mechanical behavior, the amount of force available implies clear limitations on the speed that a particle can achieve in a given amount of time. On a more subtle level, there are motions in particle dynamics that cannot be sustained by noncentral forces, and so on. What is clear is that all design is subject to the limitations of natural law or, more precisely, natural law as now understood. A clear understanding of natural phenomena can overcome perceived limitations of false theories. Therefore, in order to free ourselves from the shackles of such false limitations, our primary efforts must be directed toward an understanding of natural law. Our designs then will reflect this understanding.