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Secondary Raynaud’s Phenomenon

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Raynaud’s Phenomenon

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Abstract

Although much less common than primary Raynaud’s cases, patients with secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon often represent a substantially greater clinical challenge. Distal vasospasm may be aggravated by other disease manifestations and also impact on the choice of therapy and responsiveness to vasodilator approaches. There are several important diseases that are associated with Raynaud’s phenomenon and these are distinguished by the underlying systemic disease and progression of the vascular process. This chapter discusses the key characteristics of the associated Raynaud’s phenomenon in autoimmune rheumatic disease and reviews management strategy with appropriate investigations and treatment approach for Raynaud’s phenomenon in this context. The specific challenges of this group of patients that often have complications related to vascular insufficiency are considered and the evidence supporting disease-specific aspects of treatment is summarised.

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Abbreviations

ACE:

Angiotensin-converting enzyme

APS:

Anti-phospholipid syndrome

ARB:

Angiotensin II receptor blocker

CCB:

Calcium channel blocker

CTD:

Connective Tissue Disease

EM:

Erythromelalgia

IIM:

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy

MCTD:

Mixed connective tissue disease

PM:

Polymyositis

RP:

Raynaud’s phenomenon

SLE:

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

SS:

Sjögren’s syndrome

SSc:

Scleroderma

TAO:

Thromboangiitis obliterans

UCTD:

Undifferentiated connective tissue disease

VEDOSS:

Very early diagnosis of systemic sclerosis

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Royal Free Hospital and UCL Medical School, London, UK

    Voon H. Ong Ph.D., M.R.C.P.

  2. Department of Inflammation, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Hospital and UCL Medical School, London, UK

    Christopher P. Denton Ph.D., F.R.C.P.

Authors
  1. Voon H. Ong Ph.D., M.R.C.P.
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  2. Christopher P. Denton Ph.D., F.R.C.P.
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Correspondence to Christopher P. Denton Ph.D., F.R.C.P. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    Fredrick M. Wigley

  2. Department of Rheumatology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

    Ariane L. Herrick

  3. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medic, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    Nicholas A. Flavahan

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Ong, V.H., Denton, C.P. (2015). Secondary Raynaud’s Phenomenon. In: Wigley, F., Herrick, A., Flavahan, N. (eds) Raynaud’s Phenomenon. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1526-2_8

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