Abstract
It began with Aristotle. After sunset on May 4th in 357 BCE one of antiquity’s most influential philosophers watched the planet Mars disappear behind the Moon. His view is simulated in Fig. 20.1. From this simple observation he concluded that Mars must be the farther of the two bodies (Stephenson 2000). In his own words:
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Westfall, J., Sheehan, W. (2015). When Stars Wink Out. In: Celestial Shadows. Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol 410. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1535-4_20
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