Abstract
The European Union Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) aims to achieve good environmental status (GES) in European seas by 2020. One of the features of GES is that underwater sound should not adversely affect the marine environment. Direct injury of marine life may occur, but a more pervasive effect is likely to be through the cumulative indirect effects on behavior. Assessing the significance of these effects on an ecosystem scale is difficult. If subsequent management of these effects is required, complex and challenging international decisions will be required.
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Acknowledgments
The opinions in this article are entirely mine and should not be construed to be those of any organization or group for or with which I work. I thank the numerous colleagues down the years who I have worked with in understanding and assessing the effects of underwater noise.
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Tasker, M.L. (2016). How Might We Assess and Manage the Effects of Underwater Noise on Populations of Marine Animals?. In: Popper, A., Hawkins, A. (eds) The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life II. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 875. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_141
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_141
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