Abstract
The topological concept of a surface or 2-dimensional manifold is a mathematical abstraction of the familiar concept of a surface made of paper, sheet metal, plastic, or some other thin material. A surface or 2-dimensional manifold is a topological space with the same local properties as the familiar plane of Euclidean geometry. An intelligent bug crawling on a surface could not distinguish it from a plane if he had a limited range of visibility.
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References
Books
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© 1991 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
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Massey, W.S. (1991). Two-Dimensional Manifolds. In: A Basic Course in Algebraic Topology. Graduate Texts in Mathematics, vol 127. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9063-4_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9063-4_1
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