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Chemopreventive Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids

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Cancer Chemoprevention

Part of the book series: Cancer Drug Discovery and Development ((CDD&D))

Abstract

Evidence increasingly suggests that 1 ω-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) (DHA) are protective against cancer, and the data is strongest for breast and colon cancer. These protective effects are mediated by a variety of different mechanisms, including the incorporation of n-3 fatty acids into cell membranes, which changes membrane fluidity, may affect the association of proteins within cell membranes, and/or may initiate different signal-transduction processes. Effects of n-3 fatty acids on eicosanoid synthesis are well documented, although it is not yet determined which products of lipoxygenase (LOX) or cyclooxygenase (COX) are responsible for the observed effects and the specific role of EPA as compared to DHA on these pathways. Omega-3 fatty acids have also been shown to decrease cell proliferation and/or increase apoptosis during the tumorigenic process. Of interest is lipid peroxidation and the role it may play in initiating apoptosis.

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Authors
  1. Joanne R. Lupton PhD
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  2. Robert S. Chapkin PhD
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  1. National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA

    Gary J. Kelloff MD  & Ernest T. Hawk MD, MPH  & 

  2. CCS Associates, Mountain View, CA, USA

    Caroline C. Sigman PhD

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Lupton, J.R., Chapkin, R.S. (2004). Chemopreventive Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids. In: Kelloff, G.J., Hawk, E.T., Sigman, C.C. (eds) Cancer Chemoprevention. Cancer Drug Discovery and Development. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-767-3_39

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