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Signaling Pathways That Protect the Heart Against Apoptosis Induced by Ischemia and Reperfusion

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Apoptosis, Cell Signaling, and Human Diseases

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Summary

Ischemia and reperfusion injury commonly occurs in ischemic heart disease, resulting in apoptotic or necrotic cell death. Apoptotic cell death is highly regulated. Two mechanisms of apoptosis involve the extrinsic death receptor pathway and the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. Both pathways lead to the activation of effector caspases, resulting in cell death. The mitochondrial pathway plays a key role in initiating apoptosis after ischemia and reperfusion. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase C (PKC), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways protect the heart against ischemia and reperfusion injury. They inhibit mitochondrial cytochrome c release into the cytosol by regulating the Bcl-2 family proteins and activating the mitoKATP channel, thereby blocking the process of apoptosis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering; Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Oncology, Radiation Oncology; and Institute of Genetic Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD

    Zheqing Cai & Gregg L. Semenza

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  1. Zheqing Cai
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  2. Gregg L. Semenza
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  1. Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX

    Rakesh Srivastava

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Cai, Z., Semenza, G.L. (2006). Signaling Pathways That Protect the Heart Against Apoptosis Induced by Ischemia and Reperfusion. In: Srivastava, R. (eds) Apoptosis, Cell Signaling, and Human Diseases. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-199-4_9

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