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Restoring Host Antitumoral Immunity: How Coregulatory Molecules Are Changing the Approach to the Management of Renal Cell Carcinoma

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Renal Cell Carcinoma

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Abstract

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a tumor whose past is filled with failed treatments and unpreventable patient death. Fortunately, science is progressing at an ever increasing rate and novel discoveries are bringing new possibilities for patients with RCC. The future of RCC treatment is bright, and we believe that immunotherapy will realize much of its potential within the next decade.

In this chapter, we discuss one of the newest discoveries in RCC tumor immunology: T-cell coinhibition. This chapter will first introduce key concepts of T-cell function and tumor immunology that are necessary for a good understanding of how coinhibition works. We then describe some of the key defects in immunity that are present in RCC. Finally, we propose a model to explain why certain renal tumors are eliminated by the immune system and others are not.

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Abbreviations

APC::

Antigen-presenting cell

CD::

Cluster of differentiation

DC::

Dendritic cell

IFN::

Interferon

IL::

Interleukin

MHC::

Major histocompatibility complex

NK::

Natural killer cell

RCC::

Renal cell carcinoma

SMAC::

Supramolecular activation complex

TC::

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte

TCR::

T-cell receptor

TH::

Helper T lymphocyte

TNF::

Tumor necrosis factor

Treg::

Regulatory T lymphocyte.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN

    Brant A. Inman & Eugene D. Kwon

  2. Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN

    Xavier Frigola & Haidong Dong

  3. National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

    James C. Yang

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  1. Brant A. Inman
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  2. Xavier Frigola
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  3. Haidong Dong
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  4. James C. Yang
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  5. Eugene D. Kwon
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  1. Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center and CCF Lerner College of Medicine of CWRU, Cleveland, OH

    Ronald M. Bukowski

  2. Division of Medical Oncology & Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope National Medical, Center/Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA

    Robert A. Figlin

  3. Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY

    Robert J. Motzer

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Inman, B.A., Frigola, X., Dong, H., Yang, J.C., Kwon, E.D. (2009). Restoring Host Antitumoral Immunity: How Coregulatory Molecules Are Changing the Approach to the Management of Renal Cell Carcinoma. In: Bukowski, R.M., Figlin, R.A., Motzer, R.J. (eds) Renal Cell Carcinoma. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-332-5_21

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