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Bisretinoid Lipofuscin in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium: Oxidative Processes and Disease Implications

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Studies on Retinal and Choroidal Disorders

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Abstract

The bisretinoid pigments, including A2E, that constitute retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) lipofuscin form in photoreceptor outer segments from reactions of vitamin A aldehyde and are deposited in the RPE cells secondarily, as shed photoreceptor outer segment membrane is phagocytosed by the RPE. We have proposed that the biosynthesis of A2E begins in photoreceptor outer segments with condensation reactions between phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and all-trans-retinal, and then undergo a series of reactions, with photoisomerization and photooxidation of the side chains, leading to various fluorophores. Damage to the RPE from these products appears to be very important in the etiology of AMD.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA

    Janet R. Sparrow

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  1. Janet R. Sparrow
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Correspondence to Janet R. Sparrow .

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  1. W. Southwinds Blvd. 1250, Vero Beach, 32963, Florida, USA

    Robert D. Stratton

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, SW Archer Road 1600, Gainesville, 32610, Florida, USA

    William W. Hauswirth

  3. Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, Wall Street 1000, Ann Arbor, 17033-2390, Michigan, USA

    Thomas W. Gardner

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Sparrow, J.R. (2012). Bisretinoid Lipofuscin in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium: Oxidative Processes and Disease Implications. In: Stratton, R., Hauswirth, W., Gardner, T. (eds) Studies on Retinal and Choroidal Disorders. Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-606-7_5

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