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Pancreatic Regeneration in the Face of Diabetes

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Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy

Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

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Abstract

Diabetes affects millions of people worldwide and the incidence is growing day by day. Hyperglycemia, the main culprit in this disease can be managed through the use of intensive insulin therapy and/or oral hypoglycemic agents. However, the ailment is not cured and leaves the patients dependent on treatment for the rest of their lives. Therefore, maintaining an ideal euglycemic state without external intervention is the much-awaited cure for diabetes. It can be achieved through the replacement of lost β cells with new functional β cells or by inducing beta cell regeneration. This chapter reviews the literature regarding various approaches being used today or those expected to be used for this in future.

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Abbreviations

Arx:

Aristaless-related homeobox

BCG:

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin

BMP:

Bone Morphogenetic Protein

CCK:

Cholecystokinin

CFA:

Complete Freund’s Adjuvant

CK:

Cytokeratin

DPP:

Dipeptidyl Peptidase

DPSCs:

Dental Pulp Stem Cells

EGF:

Epidermal Growth Factor

EGFP:

Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein

ES cells :

Embryonic Stem cells

FGF:

Fibroblast Growth Factor

GABA:

γ-Aminobutyric acid

GFP:

Green Fluorescent Protein

GH:

Growth Hormone

GIP:

Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide

GLP-1:

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1

GSCs:

Germline Stem Cells

GTC-1 cells:

high GIP-expressing subpopulation of STC-1 cells

HbA1c:

hemoglobin A1c

HDAD:

Helper-Dependent Adenovirus

hES cells:

human Embryonic Stem cells

HGF:

Hepatocyte Growth Factor

hiPS cells:

Human induced Pluripotent Stem cells

HSCT:

Hematopoeitic Stem Cell Transplantation

HSLs:

Hepatic Stem-Like cells

ICA:

Islet-like Cell Aggregate

ICM:

Inner Cell Mass

IEC-6 cells:

Normal rat small intestine-derived immature intestinal stem cells

IPF1:

Insulin Promoter Factor 1

iPS cells:

Induced Pluripotent Stem cells

LIF:

Leukemia Inhibitory Factor

MafA:

V-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog A (avian)

mTert:

Mouse Telomerase reverse transcriptase

NAD:

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

NeuroD:

Neurogenic Differentiation

Ngn3:

Neurogenin3

NOD:

Non-Obese Diabetic

PAK:

Pancreas After Kidney

Pax4:

Paired box 4

Pdx1:

Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1

PL:

Placental Lactogen

PMPs:

Pancreatic Multipotent Progenitors

PRL:

Prolactin

PTA:

Pancreas Transplant Alone

RA:

Retinoic Acid

SCID:

Severe Combined Immuno Deficiency

SHCs:

Small Hepatocytes

SPK:

Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney

SSCs:

Spermatogonial Stem Cells

STC-1 cells:

mouse neuroendocrine tumor-derived cells

TGF:

Transforming Growth Factor

TNF:

Tumor Necrosis Factor

UCB:

Umbilical Cord Blood

YFP:

Yellow Fluorescent Protein

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Acknowledgments

The author is supported by the Max-Planck Society, the Dr. H. Storz and Alte Leipziger foundation, the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation, the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF: 01KU0906), and the NIH Beta Cell Biology Consortium (DK 072495).

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  1. Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany

    Zeeshan Ahmad

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  1. Royan Institute, Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, PO Box 19395-4644, Tehran, Iran

    Hossein Baharvand

  2. , Regenerative Medicine, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology an, P.O. Box: 19395-4644, Tehran, Iran

    Nasser Aghdami

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Ahmad, Z. (2013). Pancreatic Regeneration in the Face of Diabetes . In: Baharvand, H., Aghdami, N. (eds) Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-098-4_9

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