Abstract
Guy Stewart Callendar was strongly influenced by his famous father, who nurtured his son’s scientific and extracurricular interests and served as his mentor. Hugh Longbourne Callendar, first son of the Reverend Hugh Callendar and Anne Cecilia Longbourne, was born April 18,1863, in Hatherop, Gloucestershire and was christened May 24, 1863, in his father’s church.1 Following his father’s untimely death in 1867, young Hugh was nurtured by both the Callendar and Longbourne families and developed a very protective attitude toward his mother and siblings.
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Notes
In Chapter 1, “Hugh” and “Callendar” refer to H. L. Callendar; throughout the book “Guy” refers to G. S. Callendar. In later chapters, “Callendar” refers to G. S. Callendar. Standard sources for H. L. Callendar’s life include J. R. H. Weaver in Dictionary of National. Biography 1922–1930 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1937), 152–154; Who Was Who, Vol. III, 1929–1940 (London: Adam & Charles Black, 1941), 209; “Obituary Notice of Hugh Longbourne Callendar,” Proc. Roy. Soc. A (1932): 134; and Encyclopedia Britannica Online, http://www.search.eb.com/eb/ article?eu=18989 (21 September 2003). Documentation of H. L. Callendar’s birth is in IGI (International Genealogical Index), Batch no. Co29042, Dates 1838–1876, Source: 855633 Film, 6901837 Fiche.
L. H. Callendar, “H. L. Callendar—Instrument Engineer,” The Chartered Mechanical Engineer, London (Feb 1966): 67–72; copy in CP 8, Folder 8.
L. H. Callendar, “Professor H. L. Callendar,” Bulletin of the Institute of Physics and the Physical Society, London (April, 1961): 87–90; copy in CP 8, Folder 8.
L. H. Callendar, “H. L. Callendar—Instrument Engineer.”
Books by H. L. Callendar on shorthand include A Primer of Cursive Shorthand: The Cambridge System (1889); A Manual of Cursive Shorthand (1889); Reading Practice in Cursive Shorthand (1889); and A Manual of Orthographic Cursive Shorthand: The Cambridge System (1891); all published in London by C.J. Clay.
“J. J. Thomson—Biography,” http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/19o6/thomson-bio.html (23 March 2004). Thomson had recently won the Adams Prize for his Treatise on the Motion of Vortex Rings.
The instrument was an improvement of an earlier device created by Sir William Siemens; see London Science Museum, Temperature Measurement and Control Catalogue 78, Inventory 1930-360. J. J. Thomson, quoted in L. H. Callendar, “Professor H. L. Callendar.”
H.L. Callendar, “On the Practical Measurement of Temperature: Experiments made at the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge,” Phil. Trans. A, 178 (1887): 161–230.
For details on early and later model of Callendar thermometers, see London Science Museum, Catalogue of the Collections in the Science Museum, Temperature Measurement and Control, Part II, by J. A. Chaldecott (London, 1955,1976), Inven-tory 1930-363.
Ibid.
London Science Museum, Inventory Card, 1899-55.
Ibid., 1930-356.
Ibid., 1930-349.
Ibid., 1930-347; 1930-348; 1930-361.
Ibid., 1930-362. See also H.L. Callendar, “Continuous Electrical Calorimetry” Phil. Trans., A, 199 (1902): 55–148.
“No. 15.—Professor H. L. Callendar, C.B.E.,” Middlesex County Times (14 April 1928). “Callendar, Hugh Longbourne,” Dictionary of Scientific Biography 3 (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1971), 19-20.
A galvanometer is an instrument for detecting and measuring small electric currents. See London Science Museum Inventory Card, 1950-259.
L. H. Callendar, “H. L. Callendar—Instrument Engineer.”
X-rays were discovered in 1895 by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen.
L. H. Callendar annotations to “Obituary Notice of Hugh Longbourne Callendar,” CP 8, Folder 8.
“No. 15.—Professor H. L. Callendar, C.B.E.”
A. S. Eve, Rutherford: Being the life and letters of the Rt. Hon. Lord Rutherford, O. M. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1939); quoted in L. H. Callendar, “Professor H. L. Callendar,” 2.
L. H. Callendar, “H. L. Callendar—Instrument Engineer.”
Leslie Callendar to Bridget Khan, no date, CP 8, Folder 3.
G. S. Callendar, 1947, draft of letter providing evidence of age, CP 8, Folder 1.
“The Late Professor H. L. Callendar.” Middlesex County Times (1 February 1930): 5.
L. H. Callendar, “H. L. Callendar—Instrument Engineer.”
Ibid.
Ibid.
The car was purchased by the London Science Museum in 1930 for £10 sterling. G. L. Overton to G. S. Callendar, 27 November 1930, CP 8, Folder 1. An image of the car appears in L. H. Callendar, “H. L Callendar—Instrument Engineer,” 70.
Back of photo of 49 Grange Road, Ealing. CP 8, Folder 3.
The Borough of Ealing Year Book and Who’s Who (London: Middlesex County Times Printing and Publishing Co. Ltd., 1936).
L. H. Callendar, “H. L. Callendar—Instrument Engineer.”
L. H. Callendar, “Is Work Romantic?” Circuit (August 1956): 17–19.
Personal communication with Bridget, 22 December 2002.
L. H. Callendar, “Professor H. L. Callendar,” note 7.
L. H. Callendar, “H. L. Callendar—Instrument Engineer.”
Personal communication with Peter Craze, Headmaster of Durston House School, Ealing, 26 March 2004; “No. 15.—Professor H. L. Callendar, C.B.E.”
Cyril Picciotto, St. Paul’s School (London: Blackie and Son, 1939), 106–108; A. H. Mead, A Miraculous Draught of Fishes: A History of St. Paul’s School (London: James and James, 1990), 101-103.
St. Paul’s School Registers, 1905–1985 (London, 1985); personal communication with Simon May, Archivist at St. Paul’s School, London, 28 March 2002.
L. H. Callendar, “H. L. Callendar—Instrument Engineer,” 72.
Mr. G. S. Callendar, Résumé, November 8,1940, see Figure 3.4.
The Royal Naval Volunteer Reserves was founded in 1903 and saw extensive action in the Great War, http://www.rnrloo.com (19 September 2003).
Hydrophones detect low frequency sounds generated by submarines. “ASDIC and Sonar Systems in the RCN” http://jproc.ca/sari/asd_gen.html (3 August 2005).
“Imperial College was established in 1907 as a merger of the Royal College of Science, the City and Guilds College and the Royal School of Mines.” About Imperial, http://www.imperial.ac.uk/P287.htm (3 August 2005). “The City and Guilds College forms the Engineering Section of the Imperial College of Science and Technology. It is a’ school of the University of London’ in the Faculty of Engineering.” Prospectus of the City and Guilds (Engineering) College (London: 1919–1920), 339.
Imperial College London, Library Archives and Special Collections, Records of the Department of Physics of Imperial College, 1882–1985, including a departmental history from 1851 to 1960.
H. L. Callendar to Jones, 7 November 1922, Imperial College London, Library Archives and Special Collections, KP/9/1/4. BEAMA existed to safeguard and advance the interests of British electrical manufacturers against foreign competition; http://www.BEAMA.org.uk; BEAIRA, funded by the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, industry, and member companies, facilitated co-operative electrical research in Great Britain; http://www.era.co.uk/corporate/history.asp (3 August 2005). See also Henry G. Taylor, An Experiment in Co-Operative Research: An Account of the First Fifty Years of the Electrical Research Association (London: Hutchinson, 1970), 92.
Callendar, H. L, with G. S. Callendar, 1926 (see Appendix A, annotated bibliography). On H. L. Calendar’s final work on steam see J. W. (Bill) Fox, “From Lardner to Massey: A history of physics, space science and astronomy at University College London 1826 to 1975,” http://www.phys.ucl.ac.uk/department/history/BFox1. html (10 March 2006).
West Middlesex Gazette, 25 January 1930, p.10, column b. Deaths: Callendar; “The Late Professor H. L. Callendar: Famous Scientist’s Career,” Middlesex County Times, 1 February 1930, p. 5, column b.
Between 1942 and 1977 these royalties amounted to £5631, Longbourne to Cotching & Son, 31 January 1975, re: royalties from Callendar Steam Tables, 1 p. CP 8, Folder 1. Royalties from 1930 to 1942 are not known, but must have been substantial.
Ealing Lawn Tennis Association, Gentlemen’s Singles Championship, http://www.ealingtennis.com/menschamps.html (17 April 2004).
London Science Museum, Inventory Cards, 1914-725,1930-353,1930-354,1924-358, 1924-568,1930-355,1930-351, and 1924-567.
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Fleming, J.R. (2007). The Early Years to 1930. In: The Callendar Effect. American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-04-1_1
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