Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Role of the Planner in the Shaping of Urban Form in Turkish Cities

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Urban and Regional Planning in Turkey

Part of the book series: The Urban Book Series ((UBS))

  • 721 Accesses

Abstract

This study focuses on the role of the planner in the process of shaping the urban form of Turkish cities. The aim is to discuss the role of the planner from a historical perspective. After an examination of the changing nature of the Turkish planning system and development plans , the study provides a tentative framework for explaining the changing role of the planner. In its evolution throughout almost a century, from the establishment of the Turkish Republic in 1923 until the present day, the role of the planner in shaping the urban space has been reduced to the distribution of development rights . Priority is given to the construction of more buildings through projects conceived on the basis of single plots to replace old buildings with new ones or through urban regeneration projects on a neighbourhood scale, which are realized through the demolition of informal housing areas. In both cases, we see the absence of a structural understanding of the nature of the world we live in, where urban development plans have become the tools for replacement processes, and cities have become places where buildings come together without being woven into each other.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Akcan E (2012) Architecture in translation: Germany. Turkey and the modern house. Duke University Press, Durham

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Akçura T (1982) İmar kurumu konusunda gözlemler (Observations on redevelopment). ODTÜ, Ankara

    Google Scholar 

  • Akıncılar R (1947) Çarşamba imar planı (Çarşamba urban development plan). Arkitekt 11–12:274–279

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander C (1966) A city is not a tree. Design 206:47–55

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander C, Ishikawa S, Silverstein M (1977) A pattern language. Oxford University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander C, Neis H, Anninou A, King I (1987) A new theory of urban design. Oxford University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen PM (1997) Cities and regions as self-organising systems: models of complexity. Gordon and Breach, the Netherlands

    Google Scholar 

  • Altaban Ö (1985) İmar yasa tasarısı üzerine görüşler (On the new development law). Mimarlık 23(4):16–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Altaban Ö (1998) Cumhuriyetin kent planlama politikaları ve Ankara deneyimi (Urban planning policies of the Republic and the Ankara experience). In: Sey Y (ed) 75. yılda değişen kent ve mimarlık (The changing city and architecture in the 75th year). Tarih Vakfı, İstanbul, pp 41–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Altshuler A (1973) The goals of comprehensive planning. In: Faludi A (ed) A reader in planning theory. Pergamon, Oxford, pp 193–210

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Arkitekt (1952) Izmir şehir imar planı milletlerarası proje müsabakası şartnamesi (Terms and conditions for the international planning competition for Izmir). Arkitekt 5–8:144–146

    Google Scholar 

  • Arkon C, Gülerman AR (1995) Izmir büyükşehir bütünündeki nazım plan çalışmaları üzerine (On the planning studies on metropolitan Izmir). Planlama 95(1–2):14–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Aru KA (1948) Burdur şehri imar planı kati imar projesine ait izah raporu (Report for the Burdur urban development plan). Arkitekt 5–6:116–126

    Google Scholar 

  • Aslanoğlu İ (1986) Evaluation of architectural developments in Turkey within the socio-economic and cultural framework of 1923–38 period. METU J Fac Archit 7(2):15–41

    Google Scholar 

  • Ayataç H (2007) The international diffusion of planning ideas: the case of Istanbul, Turkey. J Plann History 6(2):114–137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bademli R (1986) Ankara’da kent planlama deneyi ve ulaşılan sonuçlar (Urban planning experience in Ankara and its results). In: Tekeli İ, Altaban Ö, Güvenç M, Türel A, Günay B, Bademli R (eds) Ankara: 1985’ten 2015’e (Ankara: From 1985 to 2015). Greater Municipality of Ankara, Ankara, pp 105–114

    Google Scholar 

  • Bademli R (2002) Plan uygulamaları (Plan implementations). In: İmar hukukunda toplum ve mimarlık (Society and architecture in planning law). TMMOB Genel Merkezi, İstanbul B.Kent Şb., Bursa Şb., İstanbul, pp 162–168

    Google Scholar 

  • Bilgin İ (1998) Modernleşmenin ve toplumsal hareketliliğin yörüngesinde Cumhuriyet’in imarı (Redevelopment project of the Republic within the politics of modernization and social mobility). In: Sey Y (ed) 75. yılda değişen kent ve mimarlık (The changing city and architecture in the 75th year). Tarih Vakfı, İstanbul, pp 255–272

    Google Scholar 

  • Bilsel C (1996) Ideology and urbanism during the early Republican period: two master plans for İzmir and scenarios of modernization. METU J Fac Archit 16:13–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Bilsel C (2010) Türkiye’de şehircilik yarışmalarının ilk otuz yılı (1927–1957): Cumhuriyet’in kent inşasında uluslararası deneyim (The first thirty years of urban planning competitions in Turkey [1927–1957]: international experience in the city building of the Republic). Planlama 3–4:29–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Booth P (1999) From regulation to discretion: the evolution of development control in the British planning system. Plann Perspect 14:277–289

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bozdoğan S, Akcan E (2012) Turkey: modern architects in history. Reaktion, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell S, Fainstein SS (1996) Introduction: the structure and debates of planning theory. In: Campbell S, Fainstein SS (eds) Readings in planning theory. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 1–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Cataldi G (2003) From Muratori to Caniggia: the origins and development of the Italian school of design typology. Urban Morphol 7(1):19–34

    Google Scholar 

  • Çelik Z (1993) The remaking of Istanbul. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA

    Google Scholar 

  • Cengizkan A (2005) 1957 Yücel-Uybadin İmar Plani ve Ankara şehir mimarisi (1957 Yücel-Uybadin Plan and the urban architecture of Ankara). In: Şenyapılı T (ed) Cumhuriyet’in Ankarası (The Ankara of the Republic). ODTÜ, Ankara, pp 24–59

    Google Scholar 

  • Conzen MRG (1966) In: House JW (ed) Northern Geographical essays in honour of G.H.J. Daysh. University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, pp 56–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Conzen MRG (1975) Geography and townscape conservation. In: Uhlig H, Lienau C (eds) Anglo-German symposium in applied geography. Giessen-Wiirzburg-Munchen, 1973 (Giessen, Lenz) pp 95–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Cullen G (1961) Townscape. Reinhold, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Delafons J (1991) Design control—The American experience. The Planner, TCPSS Proceedings 77:23–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Duyguluer F (1989) İmar mevzuatının Cumhuriyet dönemi mimarlığına ve şehir planlamasına etkileri (Effects of planning legislation on Republican architecture and urban planning). TBMM, Ankara

    Google Scholar 

  • Ersoy M (2007) Planlama kuramına giriş (Introduction to planning theory). In: Ersoy M (ed) Kent planlama kuramları (Urban planning theories). Imge, Ankara, pp 9–34

    Google Scholar 

  • Ersoy M (2017) Osmanlıdan günümüze imar ve yasalar (Development and laws from the Ottoman period to the present). Ninova, Istanbul

    Google Scholar 

  • Günay B (1988) Our generation of planners, the hopes, the fears and the facts: the case study of Ankara. Scupad Congress, 6–9 May 1988

    Google Scholar 

  • Günay B (1999) Urban design is a public policy. METU Faculty of Architecture Press, Ankara

    Google Scholar 

  • Günay B (2005) Ankara çekirdek alanının oluşumu ve 1990 nazım planı hakkında değerlendirme (Development of the city centre of Ankara and an assessment of the 1990 regulatory plan). In: Şenyapılı T (ed) Cumhuriyet’in Ankarası (The Ankara of the Republic). ODTÜ, Ankara, pp 61–119

    Google Scholar 

  • Günay B (2006) Şehircilik-planlama-tasarlama-mimarlık-peyzaj (Urbanism, planning, design, architecture, landscape). Planlama 4:19–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Habraken NJ (2000) The structure of the ordinary. MIT, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall P (2002) Urban and regional planning, 4th edn. Routledge, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedman R, Jaszenski A (1984) Fundamentals of urban design. APA Press, Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs J (1961) The death and life of great American cities. Vintage Books, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Keskinok Ç (2006a) 1930’larda Türkiye’de şehircilik (Urbanism in the 1930s in Turkey). In: Keskinok Ç (ed) Kentleşme siyasaları (Urbanization policies). Kaynak, İstanbul, pp 23–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Keskinok Ç (2006b) Şehirciliğimizin yüzyılını değerlendirirken (On the evaluation of a century of our urbanism). In: Keskinok Ç (ed) Kentleşme siyasaları (Urbanization policies). Kaynak, İstanbul, pp 213–218

    Google Scholar 

  • Keskinok Ç (2010) Urban planning experience of Turkey in the 1930s. METU J Fac Archit 27:173–188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kostof S (1991) The city shaped: urban patterns and meanings through history. Bulfinch, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Kömürcüoğlu E (1946) Nevşehir imar planı (Nevşehir urban development plan). Arkitekt 9–10:210–215

    Google Scholar 

  • Krieger A, Saunders WS (2009) Urban design. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis

    Google Scholar 

  • Kropf K (1996) Urban tissue and the character of towns. Urban Des Int 1:247–263

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lynch K (1960) The image of the city. MIT Press, Massachusetts

    Google Scholar 

  • Miles M (2001) Picking up stones: design research and urban settlement. Des Issues 17(2):32–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moudon AV (1992) A Catholic approach to organizing what urban designers should know. J Plann Lit 6:332–349

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mumford L (2009) The emergence of urban design in the breakup of CIAM. In: Krieger A, Saunders WS (eds) Urban design. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, pp 15–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Newman P, Thornley A (1996) Urban planning in Europe. Routledge, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Onaran KS, Sancar FH (1998) Design review in small communities. Environ Plan 25:539–557

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Onat S (1945) Şehircilik işlerimiz (Urbanism issues). Arkitekt 5–6:127–131

    Google Scholar 

  • Öktem B (2011) The role of global city discourses in the development and transformation of the Buyukdere-Maslak axis into the international business district of Istanbul. Int Plann Stud 16(1):27–42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Özbay H (1989) İmar yönetmelikleri ve sorunlar (Development bylaws and problems). Mimarlık 89(5):44–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Payaslıoğlu A (1993) An introduction to law and the Turkish legal system. YÖK, Ankara

    Google Scholar 

  • Peck J, Theodore N, Brenner N (2009) Neoliberal urbanism: models, moments, mutations. Review XXIX(1):49–66

    Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen SE (1969) Towns and buildings. MIT, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Rykwert J (2000) The seduction of place. University of Oxford Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Taner N, Taner P (1947) Rize şehri kati imar planı izah raporu (Report on urban development plan of Rize). Arkitekt 3–4:97–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Tankut G (1993) Bir başkentin imarı (Development of a capital city). Anahtar, İstanbul

    Google Scholar 

  • Tapan M (1998) Istanbul’un kentsel planlamasının tarihsel gelişimi ve planlama eylemleri (Historical development of Istanbul’s planning and planning actions). In: Sey Y (ed) 75. yılda değişen kent ve mimarlık (The changing city and architecture in the 75th year). Tarih Vakfı, İstanbul, pp 75–88

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor N (1998) Urban planning theory since 1945. Sage, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Tekeli İ (1994) Şehir planlama mimarlık üzerine sürülen bir krema değildir (Urban planning is not the icing on architecture). Planlama (25th year special issue), pp 10–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Tekeli İ (1998) Türkiye’de Cumhuriyet döneminde kentsel gelişme ve kent planlaması (Urban development and planning in Turkey during the Republican period). In: Sey Y (ed) 75. yılda değişen kent ve mimarlık (The changing city and architecture in the 75th year). Tarih Vakfı, İstanbul, pp 1–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Tibbalds F (2001) Making people-friendly towns. Taylor & Francis, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Türkün A (2014) Mülk, mahal, insan: İstanbul’da kentsel dönüşüm (Property, site, human being: urban regeneration in İstanbul). Bilgi Üniversitesi, İstanbul

    Google Scholar 

  • Urban Task Force (1999) Towards an urban renaissance. Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Ünlü T (2018) Planning, practice and the shaping of the urban pattern. In: Oliveira V (ed) Teaching urban morphology. Springer, Switzerland, pp 31–49

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ünlü T, Baş Y (2017) Morphological processes and the making of residential forms: morphogenetic types in Turkish cities. Urban Morphol 21(2):105–122

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward S (1992) The garden city introduced. In: Ward S (ed) The garden city: past, present and future. Spon, Oxon, pp 1–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Visscher H (1993) Building control in five European countries. Delft University Press, Delft

    Google Scholar 

  • Yalçıntan MC, Çalışkan ÇO, Çılgın K, Dündar U (2014) Istanbul dönüşüm coğrafyası (Istanbul’s geography of regeneration). In: Candan AF, Özbay C (eds) Yeni Istanbul çalışmaları (New Istanbul studies). Metis, İstanbul, pp 48–70

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of City and Regional Planning and the Center for Mediterranean Urban Studies, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey

    Tolga Ünlü

Authors
  1. Tolga Ünlü
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tolga Ünlü .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of City and Regional Planning, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey

    Ö. Burcu Özdemir Sarı

  2. Department of City and Regional Planning, Çankaya University, Ankara, Turkey

    Suna S. Özdemir

  3. Department of City and Regional Planning, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey

    Nil Uzun

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Ünlü, T. (2019). The Role of the Planner in the Shaping of Urban Form in Turkish Cities. In: Özdemir Sarı, Ö., Özdemir, S., Uzun, N. (eds) Urban and Regional Planning in Turkey. The Urban Book Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05773-2_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation