Skip to main content

Hint-Giving Phraseology for Computer Assisted Learning

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
The Challenges of the Digital Transformation in Education (ICL 2018)

Part of the book series: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing ((AISC,volume 916))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 1729 Accesses

Abstract

In this paper we will discuss work to date on an exploratory study of tutoring patterns and their role for tutoring systems’ assistance in initiating creative responses and sustaining learning. Based on classroom discourse analysis, investigation of several studies of computer assisted learning -both for single and peer learning- and our understanding of the assistance dilemma of Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS), we argue that the students’ need for (artificial) facilitator’s help emphasizes on the manner of hint-providing, so we should take particular note of the challenges that arise from formalizing these definitions to apply to the style of problem solving and the students’ different age groups. This is the first step towards a mobile ITS that utilizes eye-tracking and virtual reality glasses, in order to identify difficulties and offer on time feedback in textual or visual mode, which will be superimposed on a transparent lens in users’ field of view. We will conclude with a discussion of implications and future directions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 299.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Ai, H., Sionti, M., Wang, Y., Rosé, C.P.: Finding Transactive contributions in whole group discussions. In: Proceedings of the International Conference of the Learning Sciences (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  • Aleven, V., Ashley, K.D.: Teaching case-based argumentation through a model and examples: empirical evalution of an intelligent learning environment. Paper presented at the Artificial Intelligence in Education, Kobe, Japan (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, R.S., Corbett, A.T., Koedinger, K.R., Wagner, A.Z.: Off-Task Behavior in the cognitive tutor classroom: when students “Game the System”. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI: Computer-Human (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  • Berkowitz, M., Gibbs, J.: Measuring the developmental features of moral discussion. Merrill-Palmer Q. 29, 399–410 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  • Calarco, J.M.: “I need help!” Social class and children’s help-seeking in elementary school. Am. Sociol. Rev. 76(6), 862–882 (2011)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Chiu, M.M.: Effects of status on solutions, leadership, and evaluations during group problem solving. Sociol. Educ., 175–195 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiu, M.M.: Group problem solving processes: Social interactions and individual turns. J. Theor. Soc. Behav. 30(1), 27–50 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chiu, M.M.: Analyzing group work processes: Towards a conceptual framework and systematic statistical analysis. In: Columbus, F. (ed.) Advances in Psychology Research, vol. 4, pp. 193–222. Nova Science, Huntington, NY (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiu, M.M.: Adapting teacher interventions to student needs during cooperative learning. Am. Educ. Res. J. 41, 365–399 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, R.C., Mayer, R.E.: E-Learning and the Science of Instruction. Jossey-Bass/Pfeiffer (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gweon, G., Rosé, C.P., Albright, E., Cui, Y.: Evaluating the effect of feedback from a CSCL problem solving environment on learning, interaction, and perceived interdependence. In: Proceedings of Computer Supported Collaborative Learning 2007 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hmelo-Silver, C.E.: Problem-based learning: what and how do students learn? Educ. Psychol. Rev. 16(3) (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  • Howley, I., Chaudhuri, S., Kumar, R., Rosé, C.: Motivation and Collaboration Online. Poster Presented at Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2009). Brighton: UK (2009a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Howley, I., Chaudhuri, S., Kumar, R., Rosé, C.: Motivation and Collaborative Behavior: An Exploratory Analysis. Poster Presented at Computer Supported Collaborative Learning. Greece, Rhodes (2009)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Karabenick, S.A., Berger, J.L.: Help seeking as a self-regulated learning strategy (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  • King, A.: Designing the instructional process to enhance critical thinking across the curriculum. Teach. Psychol. 22(1), 13–17 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koedinger, K.R., Aleven, V.: Exploring the assistance dilemma in experiments with cognitive tutors. Educ. Psychol. Rev. 19(3), 239–264 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McLaren, B.M., Lim, S., Koedinger, K.R.: When is assistance helpful to learning? Results in combining worked examples and intelligent tutoring. In: Woolf, B., Aimeur, E., Nkambou, R., Lajoie, S. (eds.) Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, pp. 677–680. Springer, Berlin (2008b)

    Google Scholar 

  • McLaren, B.M., Lim, S., Yaron, D., Koedinger, K.R.: Can a polite intelligent tutoring system lead to improved learning outside of the lab? In: Proceedings of the 13th International conference on AI in Ed, pp. 433–440 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • McLaren, B.M., Lim, S., Gagnon, F., Yaron, D., Koedinger, K.R.: Studying the effects of personalized language and worked examples in the context of a web-based intelligent tutor. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on International TUT System, pp. 318–328 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  • Megan, H.: The structure of classroom discourse. In: Handbook of Discourse Analysis, pp. 119–131 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Michaels, S., O’Connor, C., Resnick, L.B.: Deliberative discourse idealized and realized: Accountable Talk in the classroom and in civic life. Stud. Philos. Educ. 27, 283–297 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson-Le Gall, S.: Chapter 2: Help-seeking behavior in learning. Rev. Res. Educ. 12(1), 55–90 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson-Le Gall, S., Glor-Scheib, S.: Help seeking in elementary classrooms: an observational study. Contemp. Educ. Psychol. 10(1), 58–71 (1985)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Newman, R.S.: Children’s help-seeking in the classroom: The role of motivational factors and attitudes. J. Educ. Psychol. 82(1), 71 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Connor, M.C., Michaels, S., Chapin, S.: Small-scale experimental studies of classroom talk: seeking local effects in discourse-intensive instruction. In: Paper Presented at Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • Piaget, J.: Piaget’s theory. In: Mussen, P.H. (ed.) Carmichael’s Manual of Child Psychology, vol. 1, 3rd edn, pp. 703–732. Wiley, New York (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rau, M., Aleven, V., Rummel, N.: Intelligent tutoring systems with multiple representations and self-explanation prompts support learning of fractions. In: Dimitrova, V. Mizoguchi, R., du Boulay, B., Graesser, A. (Eds.) Proceedings of the 14th International conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, AIED 2009, pp. 441–448. IOS Press, Amsterdam (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  • Resnick, L.B., Salmon, M., Zeitz, C.M.: The structure of reasoning in conversation. In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society

    Google Scholar 

  • Resnick, L.B., Salmon, M., Zeitz, C.M., Wathen, S.H., Holowchak, M.: Reasoning in conversation. Cognit. Instr. 11(3, 4), 347–364 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  • Resnick, L.B., William, D., Apodaca, R., Rangel, E.: The relationship between assessment and the organization and pratice of teaching. In: McGaw, B., Peterson, P., Baker, E. (eds.) International Encyclopedia of Education, in press, 3rd Edition Teaching of Psychology, vol. 22, pp. 13–17 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, A.M., Shin, H.: Help-seeking tendencies during early adolescence: An examination of motivational correlates and consequences for achievement. Learn. Instr. 21(2), 247–256 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sionti, M., Ai, H., Rosé, C.P., Resnick, L.: A framework for analyzing development of argumentation through classroom discussions. In Educational Technologies for Teaching Argumentation Skills, pp. 28–55 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  • Teasley, S.D., Roschelle, J.: Constructing a joint problem space: the computer as a tool for sharing knowledge. In: Computers as Cognitive Tools, pp. 229–258 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  • Weinberger, A., Fischer, F.: A framework to analyze argumentative knowledge construction in computer supported collaborative learning. Comput. Educ. 46, 71–95 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wittenbaum, G.M., Hollingshead, A.B., Paulus, P.B., Hirokawa, R.Y., Ancona, D.G., Peterson, R.S., et al.: The functional perspective as a lens for understanding groups. Small Group Res. 35(1), 17–43 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marietta Sionti .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Sionti, M., Schack, E., Schack, T. (2020). Hint-Giving Phraseology for Computer Assisted Learning. In: Auer, M., Tsiatsos, T. (eds) The Challenges of the Digital Transformation in Education. ICL 2018. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 916. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11932-4_14

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics