Abstract
A system model in practice may be a black-box function. However, most of the current research on optimal control problems is conducted under the condition that the specific expression of the model is known, and there is a lack of research on the optimal control problem of black-box models. Based on Modelica language and corresponding simulation platform, this paper gets the simulation data from a Modelica model with the serialization of parallel simulation and uses level-set dynamic programming (DP) algorithm to calculate the cost-to-go function recursively. In order to retrieve the sequence of optimal control variables and corresponding optimal state trajectory, two methods are proposed, namely the method based on continuous simulation and the method that approximates state transfer equations locally with a sequence of Radial Basis Functions (RBFs). As an example, an academic case is analyzed. The result proves the effectiveness of the proposed method in solving the optimal control problem of the black-box models.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Nikoobin, A., Moradi, M.: Indirect solution of optimal control problems with state variable inequality constraints: finite difference approximation. Robotica 35(1), 50–72 (2017)
Nikoobin, A., Moradi, M.: Optimal balancing of robot manipulators in point-to-point motion. Robotica 29(2), 233–244 (2011)
Sargent, R.: Optimal control. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 124(1–2), 361–371 (2000)
Bellman, R.: Dynamic Programming, p. 1957. Princeton University Press, Princeton (1957)
Bertsekas, D.P.: Dynamic Programming and Optimal Control. Athena Scientific, Belmont (1995)
Mattsson, S.E., Elmqvist, H., Otter, M.: Physical system modeling with Modelica. Control Eng. Pract. 6(4), 501–510 (1998)
Sahlin, P., Eriksson, L., Grozman, P., Johnsson, H., Shapovalov, A., Vuolle, M.: Whole-building simulation with symbolic DAE equations and general purpose solvers. Build. Environ. 39(8), 949–958 (2004)
Wetter, M.: Modelica-based modelling and simulation to support research and development in building energy and control systems. J. Build. Perform. Simul. 2(2), 143–161 (2009)
Åkesson, J., Årzén, K.-E., Gäfvert, M., Bergdahl, T., Tummescheit, H.: Modeling and optimization with Optimica and JModelica. org—languages and tools for solving large-scale dynamic optimization problems. Comput. Chem. Eng. 34(11), 1737–1749 (2010)
Buhmann, M.D.: Radial Basis Functions: Theory and Implementations. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2003)
van Berkel, K., de Jager, B., Hofman, T., Steinbuch, M.: Implementation of dynamic programming for optimal control problems with continuous states. IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol. 23(3), 1172–1179 (2015)
Sundström, O., Ambühl, D., Guzzella, L.: On implementation of dynamic programming for optimal control problems with final state constraints. Oil Gas Sci. Technol.-Revue de l’Institut Français du Pétrole 65(1), 91–102 (2010)
Elbert, P., Ebbesen, S., Guzzella, L.: Implementation of dynamic programming for n dimensional optimal control problems with final state constraints. IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol. 21(3), 924–931 (2013)
Chen, X., Wei, Z. (eds.): A new modeling and simulation platform-MWorks for electrical machine based on Modelica. In: International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, ICEMS 2008. IEEE (2008)
Acknowledgments
Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 51575205 is gratefully acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Qiao, P., Wu, Y., Zhang, Q. (2019). A Modelica-Based Simulation Method for Black-Box Optimal Control Problems with Level-Set Dynamic Programming. In: Nicosia, G., Pardalos, P., Giuffrida, G., Umeton, R., Sciacca, V. (eds) Machine Learning, Optimization, and Data Science. LOD 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11331. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13709-0_31
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13709-0_31
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-13708-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-13709-0
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)