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History, Chemistry and Antibacterial Spectrum

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Polymyxin Antibiotics: From Laboratory Bench to Bedside

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1145))

Abstract

Polymyxins are naturally occurring cyclic lipopeptides that were discovered more than 60 years ago. They have a narrow antibacterial spectrum, which is mainly against Gram-negative pathogens. The dry antibiotic pipeline, together with the increasing incidence of bacterial resistance in the clinic, has been dubbed ‘the perfect storm’. This has forced a re-evaluation of ‘old’ antibiotics, in particular the polymyxins, which retain activity against many multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative organisms. As a consequence, polymyxin B and colistin (polymyxin E) are now used as the last therapeutic option for infections caused by ‘superbugs’ such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. This chapter covers the history, chemistry and antibacterial spectrum of these very important last-line lipopeptide antibiotics.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

    Tony Velkov

  2. Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia

    Philip E. Thompson

  3. Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia

    Mohammad A. K. Azad & Kade D. Roberts

  4. Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia

    Phillip J. Bergen

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  1. Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Jian Li

  2. Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville Campus, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Roger L. Nation

  3. Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Keith S. Kaye

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Velkov, T., Thompson, P.E., Azad, M.A.K., Roberts, K.D., Bergen, P.J. (2019). History, Chemistry and Antibacterial Spectrum. In: Li, J., Nation, R., Kaye, K. (eds) Polymyxin Antibiotics: From Laboratory Bench to Bedside. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1145. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16373-0_3

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