Abstract
Chromatin modifying enzymes either add or remove post-translational modifications to histone proteins and in this way change the functional profile of the epigenome. Antagonizing enzymes, such as HATs and HDACs, often co-localize at chromatin regions and fine-tune gene expression. Chromatin modeling complexes change the structure of chromatin by shifting, evicting or replacing nucleosomes. Finally, also long ncRNAs, such as Xist, can affect chromatin structure and function.
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Further Reading
Atlasi Y, Stunnenberg HG (2017) The interplay of epigenetic marks during stem cell differentiation and development. Nat Rev Genet 18:643–658
Carlberg C, Molnár F (2016) Mechanisms of Gene Regulation. Springer Textbook ISBN: 978-94-007-7904-4
Clapier CR, Iwasa J, Cairns BR, Peterson CL (2017) Mechanisms of action and regulation of ATP-dependent chromatin-remodelling complexes. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 18:407–422
Engreitz JM, Ollikainen N, Guttman M (2016) Long non-coding RNAs: spatial amplifiers that control nuclear structure and gene expression. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 17:756–770
Marazzi I, Greenbaum BD, Low DHP, Guccione E (2018) Chromatin dependencies in cancer and inflammation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 19:245–261
Mozzetta C, Boyarchuk E, Pontis J, Ait-Si-Ali S (2015) Sound of silence: the properties and functions of repressive Lys methyltransferases. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 16:499–513
Rowley MJ, Corces VG (2018) Organizational principles of 3D genome architecture. Nat Rev Genet 19:789–800
Sheikh BN, Akhtar A (2019) The many lives of KATs – detectors, integrators and modulators of the cellular environment. Nat Rev Genet 20:7–23
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Carlberg, C., Molnár, F. (2019). Chromatin Modifying Proteins and RNAs. In: Human Epigenetics: How Science Works. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22907-8_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22907-8_5
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