Abstract
The reaction between atomic silicon and the mercapto radical has been computationally investigated by means of electronic structure and kinetics calculations to establish its possible role in the formation of interstellar SiS. According to our kinetics estimates based on the electronic structure calculations of the Si+SH potential energy surface, the reaction is very fast reaching the gas-kinetics limit. Therefore, the title reaction is an efficient formation route of interstellar SiS provided that silicon atoms and mercapto radicals are present. Implications for the observation of an anomalously high abundance of SiS in the shocked region around a Sun-like protostar (L1157-B1) are also presented.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Morris, M., Gilmore, W., Palmer, P., Turner, B.E., Zuckerman, B.: Detection of interstellar SiS and a study of IRC+ 10216 molecular envelope. Astrophys. J. 199, L47–L51 (1975)
Cernicharo, J., Guélin, M., Kahane, C.: A λ2 mm molecular line survey of the C-star envelope IRC+ 10216. Astron. Astrophys., Suppl. Ser. 142, 181 (2000)
Prieto, L.V., et al.: Si-bearing molecules toward IRC+ 10216: ALMA unveils the molecular envelope of CWLeo. Astrophys. J. 805, L13 (2015)
Dickinson, D.F., Kuiper, E.N.R.: Interstellar silicon sulfide. Astrophys. J. 247, 112 (1981)
Ziurys, L.M.: SiS in Orion KL – Evidence for outflow chemistry. Astrophys. J. 324, 544–552 (1988)
Ziurys, L.M.: SiS in outflow regions – more high-temperature silicon chemistry. Astrophys. J. 379, 260–266 (1991)
Tercero, B., Vincent, L., Cernicharo, J., Viti, S., Marcelino, N.: A line-confusion limited millimeter survey of Orion KL II. Silicon-bearing species. Astron. Astrophys. 528, A26 (2011)
MacKay, D.D.S.: The chemistry of silicon in hot molecular cores. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 274, 694–700 (1995)
Podio, L., et al.: Silicon-bearing molecules in the shock L1157-B1: first detection of SiS around a Sun-like protostar. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. Lett. 470(1), L16–L20 (2017)
McGuire, B.A.: 2018 census of interstellar, circumstellar, extragalactic, protoplanetary disk, and exoplanetary molecules. Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 239, 17 (2018)
Rosi, M., et al.: Possible scenarios for SiS formation in the interstellar medium: electronic structure calculations of the potential energy surfaces for the reactions of the SiH radical with atomic sulphur and S2. Chem. Phys. Lett. 695, 87–93 (2018)
Skouteris, D., et al.: A theoretical investigation of the reaction H + SiS2and implications for the chemistry of silicon in the interstellar medium. In: Gervasi, O., et al. (eds.) ICCSA 2018. LNCS, vol. 10961, pp. 719–729. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95165-2_50
Zanchet, A., Roncero, O., Agúndez, M., Cernicharo, J.: Formation and destruction of SiS in space. Astrophys. J. 862, 38 (2018)
Holdship, K., et al.: H2S in the L1157-B1 bow shock. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 463, 802 (2016)
Neufeld, D.A., et al.: Discovery of interstellar mercapto radicals (SH) with the GREAT instrument on SOFIA. Astron. Astrophys. 542, L6 (2012)
Skouteris, D., Balucani, N., Faginas-Lago, N., Falcinelli, S., Rosi, M.: Dimerization of methanimine and its charged species in the atmosphere of Titan and interstellar/cometary ice analogs. Astron. Astrophys. 584, A76 (2015)
Leonori, F., et al.: Crossed-beam and theoretical studies of the S(1D) + C2H2 Reaction. J. Phys. Chem. A 113, 4330–4339 (2009)
Troiani, A., Rosi, M., Garzoli, S., Salvitti, C., de Petris, G.: Vanadium hydroxide cluster ions in the gas phase: bond-forming reactions of doubly-charged negative ions by SO2-promoted V-O activation. Chem. Eur. J. 23, 11752–11756 (2017)
Berteloite, C., et al.: Low temperature kinetics, crossed beam dynamics and theoretical studies of the reaction S(1D) + CH4 and low temperature kinetics of S(1D) + C2H2. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13, 8485 (2011)
Becke, A.D.: Density functional thermochemistry. III. The role of exact exchange. J. Chem. Phys. 98, 5648–5652 (1993)
Stephens, P.J., Devlin, F.J., Chablowski, C.F., Frisch, M.J.: Ab initio calculation of vibrational absorption and circular dichroism spectra using density functional force fields. J. Phys. Chem. 98, 11623–11627 (1994)
Dunning Jr., T.H.: Gaussian basis sets for use in correlated molecular calculations. I. The atoms boron through neon and hydrogen. J. Chem. Phys. 90, 1007–1023 (1989)
Woon, D.E., Dunning Jr., T.H.: Gaussian basis sets for use in correlated molecular calculations. III. The atoms aluminum through argon. J. Chem. Phys. 98, 1358–1371 (1983)
Dunning Jr., T.H., Peterson, K.A., Wilson, A.K.: Gaussian basis sets for use in correlated molecular calculations. X. The atoms aluminum through argon revisited. J. Chem. Phys. 114, 9244–9253 (2001)
Gonzalez, C., Schlegel, H.B.: An improved algorithm for reaction path following. J. Chem. Phys. 90, 2154–2161 (1989)
Gonzalez, C., Schlegel, H.B.: Reaction path following in mass-weighted internal coordinates. J. Phys. Chem. 94, 5523–5527 (1990)
Bartlett, R.J.: Many-body perturbation theory and coupled cluster theory for electron correlation in molecules. Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 32, 359–401 (1981)
Raghavachari, K., Trucks, G.W., Pople, J.A., Head-Gordon, M.: Quadratic configuration interaction. A general technique for determining electron correlation energies. Chem. Phys. Lett. 157, 479–483 (1989)
Olsen, J., Jorgensen, P., Koch, H., Balkova, A., Bartlett, R.J.: Full configuration–interaction and state of the art correlation calculations on water in a valence double-zeta basis with polarization functions. J. Chem. Phys. 104, 8007–8015 (1996)
Rosi, M., et al.: An experimental and theoretical investigation of 1-butanol pyrolysis. Front. Chem. 7, 326 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2019.00326
Frisch, M.J., et al.: Gaussian 09, Revision A. 02. Gaussian, Inc., Wallingford (2009)
Flükiger, P., Lüthi, H.P., Portmann, S., Weber, J.: MOLEKEL 4.3. Swiss Center for Scientific Computing, Manno (2000–2002)
Portmann, S., Lüthi, H.P.: MOLEKEL: an interactive molecular graphics tool. Chimia 54, 766–769 (2000)
Barone, V., et al.: Gas-phase formation of the prebiotic molecule formamide: insights from new quantum computations. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. Lett. 453, L31–L35 (2015)
Skouteris, D., Vazart, F., Ceccarelli, C., Balucani, N., Puzzarini, C., Barone, V.: New quantum chemical computations of formamide deuteration support gas-phase formation of this prebiotic molecule. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. Lett. 468, L1–L5 (2017)
Skouteris, D., et al.: The genealogical tree of ethanol: gas-phase formation of glycolaldehyde, acetic acid and formic acid. Astrophys. J. 854, 135 (2018)
Vazart, F., Latouche, C., Skouteris, D., Balucani, N., Barone, V.: Cyanomethanimine isomers in cold interstellar clouds: insights from electronic structure and kinetic calculations. Astrophys. J. 810, 111 (2015)
Leonori, F., et al.: Crossed-beam dynamics, low-temperature kinetics, and theoretical studies of the reaction S(1D) + C2H4. J. Phys. Chem. A 113, 15328–15345 (2009)
Balucani, N., et al.: Combined crossed beam and theoretical studies of the N(2D) + C2H4 reaction and implications for atmospheric models of Titan. J. Phys. Chem. A 116, 10467–10479 (2012)
Leonori, F., Skouteris, D., Petrucci, R., Casavecchia, P., Rosi, M., Balucani, N.: Combined crossed beam and theoretical studies of the C(1D) + CH4 reaction. J. Chem. Phys. 138(2), 024311 (2013)
Balucani, N., et al.: Formation of nitriles and imines in the atmosphere of Titan: combined crossed-beam and theoretical studies on the reaction dynamics of excited nitrogen atoms N(2D) with ethane. Faraday Discuss. 147, 189–216 (2010)
Balucani, N., et al.: Combined crossed molecular beam and theoretical studies of the N(2D) + CH4 reaction and implications for atmospheric models of Titan. J. Phys. Chem. A 113, 11138–11152 (2009)
Dayou, D., Duflot, D., Rivero-Santamaría, A., Monnerville, M.: A global ab initio potential energy surface for the X2A′ ground state of the Si + OH → SiO + H reaction. J. Chem. Phys. 139, 204305 (2013)
Rivero-Santamaría, A., Dayou, D., Rubayo-Soneirac, J., Monnerville, M.: Quasi-classical trajectory calculations of cross sections and rateconstants for the Si + OH → SiO + H reaction. Chem. Phys. Lett. 610–611, 335–340 (2014)
Wakelam, V., et al.: The 2014 KIDA network for interstellar chemistry. Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 217(2), 20 (2015)
McElroy, D., Walsh, C., Markwick, A.J., Cordiner, M.A., Smith, K., Millar, T.J.: The UMIST database for astrochemistry 2012. Astron. Astrophys. 550, A36 (2013)
Yang, T., Thomas, A.M., Dangi, B.B., Kaiser, R.I., Mebel, A.M., Millar, T.J.: Directed gas phase formation of silicon dioxide and implications for the formation of interstellar silicates. Nat. Commun. 9, 774 (2018)
Ceccarelli, C., Viti, S., Balucani, N., Taquet, V.: The evolution of grain mantles and silicate dust growth at high redshift. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 476, 1371–1383 (2018)
Balucani, N., Ceccarelli, C., Taquet, V.: Formation of complex organic molecules in cold objects: the role of gas-phase reactions. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 449, L16–L20 (2015)
Skouteris, D., et al.: Interstellar dimethyl ether gas-phase formation: a quantum chemistry and kinetics study. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 482, 3567–3575 (2019)
Ascenzi, D., Cernuto, A., Balucani, N., Tosi, P., Ceccarelli, C., Martini, L. M., Pirani, F.: Destruction of dimethyl ether and methyl formate by collisions with He+. Astronom. Astrophys. (2019, in press). https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834585
Acknowledgments
This work has been supported by MIUR “PRIN 2015” funds, project “STARS in the CAOS (Simulation Tools for Astrochemical Reactivity and Spectroscopy in the Cyberinfrastructure for Astrochemical Organic Species)”, Grant Number 2015F59J3R and by the project PRIN-INAF 2016 The Cradle of Life - GENESIS-SKA (General Conditions in Early Planetary Systems for the rise of life with SKA). This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, for the Project “The Dawn of Organic Chemistry” (DOC), grant agreement No 741002.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Rosi, M. et al. (2019). Electronic Structure and Kinetics Calculations for the Si+SH Reaction, a Possible Route of SiS Formation in Star-Forming Regions. In: Misra, S., et al. Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2019. ICCSA 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11621. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24302-9_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24302-9_22
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-24301-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-24302-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)