Abstract
While in the previous chapter we defined Greenspace-Oriented Development (GOD) and explained the multitude of benefits it offers, here we explain how practitioners can implement GOD. We suggest a step-by-step process that aims to guide GOD implementation. These steps are: (1) select parks for upgrading; (2) upgrade parks; (3) rezone the urban precincts surrounding parks; (4) catalyze and facilitate redevelopment; (5) decentralize services infrastructure; (6) conduct needs-based assessment and equip parks, and (7) upgrade surrounding key streetscapes. This step-by-step process sets out how GOD can guide urban densification while offering multiple socio-ecological benefits through the redesign and activation of public green spaces.
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Notes
- 1.
As mentioned above, proper consultation with the local community and stakeholders to identify their needs and perspectives, as well as a multidisciplinary approach to understand how a response to such needs can be realized in the park redesign, are fundamental to guide this step. Nonetheless, here we provide examples of what GOD proponents could achieve.
- 2.
This is particularly true for children. While the literature and guidelines often focus on more structured features of parks and open space (such as playground equipment and paths), from a broader child development perspective, providing opportunities for creative play, exploring, make-believe, contact with different textures and exposure to nature are all critical, and often missing in the more typical “plastic fantastic” playgrounds of today (Wood 2008).
- 3.
This presumes that the precinct was 75% redeveloped at the zoned densities and that each dwelling contained a household of two people.
- 4.
A disincentive to working from home is a lack of social interaction. Co-working might offer a middle ground where people could share and rent a desk space at a co-working office close to their home instead of going to the “city” (Gladstone et al. 2016).
- 5.
Increases in property value increase the revenue to local governments from property rates (Pauli and Boruff 2016).
- 6.
The effect of maintaining mature trees is to decrease the “perceived density” of development (as opposed to the actual density), which should reduce community resistance (Cheng and Steemers 2010).
- 7.
Small trees typically require an area of 3.5 × 3.5 m (Department of Planning 2016). As such, these narrow corridors effectively preclude tree planting (large or small).
- 8.
Practitioners should carefully choose plants that do not drop limbs, do not have large and shallow rooting systems, and have low flammability if in bushfire-prone areas.
- 9.
Such parks will need to be larger than 2 ha. Therefore, not all parks will be suitable for the decentralization of infrastructure.
- 10.
This will be helped by the widespread adoption of Fully Automated Vehicles, which will be generally safer than human drivers (Gladstone et al. 2016).
- 11.
They concluded that the marginal implicit price of a broad-leaved tree on the street verge was about AU$17,000, which corresponds to a just over 4% increase in the median value of the property.
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Bolleter, J., Ramalho, C.E. (2020). A Manual for Implementing Greenspace-Oriented Development. In: Greenspace-Oriented Development. SpringerBriefs in Geography. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29601-8_4
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