Abstract
A composite steel-concrete slab consists of a concrete topping cast on the top of a profiled steel deck. Normally, the concrete is reinforced with an anti-crack mesh positioned on the upper part and individual reinforcing bars placed within the ribs. Composite slabs play an important role in the overall stability of buildings during a fire, and must be designed in accordance with regulations and standards. Usually, this structural element is rated on the basis of standard fire tests using the standard fire curve ISO 834. The fire resistance should be determined according to three different criteria, namely Load Bearing (R), Integrity (E) and Insulation (I). The Annex D of the EN 1994-1-2 presents a simplified calculation method for the determination of the fire resistance (I) of composite slabs subjected to standard fire exposure from below. During the last two decades, no revisions were made to this method, and there are no proposals for changes in the design formulae for the next version of the EN 1994-1-2. This investigation presents the development of numerical thermal models for three-dimensional analysis of composite slabs under fire conditions in ANSYS and MATLAB. During fire exposure, the steel deck heats up rapidly, expands and may separate from the concrete topping. In order to simulate debonding effects, an alternative thermal model is utilized, presenting an air gap with constant thickness between the steel deck and the concrete topping. The results of the numerical simulations are validated against the results of experimental fire tests, and compared with the simplified calculation method. A new equation is proposed for the calculation of the fire resistance (I) of composite slabs.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
International Standard ISO 834: Fire-resistance tests - Elements of building construction (1999)
Jiang, J., Pintar, A., Weigand, J.M., Main, J.A., Sadek, F.: Improved calculation method for insulation-based fire resistance of composite slabs. Fire Saf. J. 105, 144–153 (2019)
European Convention for Constructional Steelwork - Committee T3 - Fire Safety of Steel Structures, Calculation of the fire resistance of composite concrete slabs with profiled steel sheet exposed to the standard fire, Brussels (1983)
Hamerlinck, R.: The behaviour of fire-exposed composite steel/concrete slabs. Eindhoven University of Technology (1991)
Both, C.: The fire resistance of composite steel-concrete slabs. Delft University of Technology (1998)
Abdel-Halim, M.A.H., Hakmi, M.R., O’Leary, D.C.: Fire resistance of composite floor slabs using a model fire test facility. Eng. Struct. 21(2), 176–182 (1999)
Lim, L., Wade, C.: Experimental fire tests of two-way concrete slabs. Christchurch (2002)
CEN - European Committee for Standardization, EN 1994-1-2: Design of composite steel and concrete structures - Part 1-2: General rules - Structural fire design. Brussels (2005)
CEN- European Committee for Standardization, EN 1994-1-1: Design of composite steel and concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings. CEN - European Committee for Standardization, Brussels (2004)
Guo, S., Bailey, C.G.: Experimental behaviour of composite slabs during the heating and cooling fire stages. Eng. Struct. 33, 563–571 (2011)
Piloto, P.A.G., Prates, L.M.S., Balsa, C., Rigobello, R.: Numerical simulation of the fire resistance of composite slabs with steel deck. Int. J. Eng. Technol. (UAE) 7(2.23), 83–86 (2018). (2018/04/206), ISSN 2227-524X. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.23.11889
CEN - European Committee for Standardization, EN 1363-1: Fire resistance tests - Part 1: General Requirements. Brussels (2012)
CEN - European Committee for Standardization, EN 1365-2: Fire resistance tests for load bearing elements - Part 2: Floors and roofs (Withdrawal). Brussels (2014)
CEN - European Committee for Standardization, EN 1993-1-2: Design of steel structures - Part 1-2: General rules - Structural fire design. Brussels (2005)
CEN - European Committee for Standardization, EN 1992-1-2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1-2: General rules - Structural fire design. Brussels (2004)
Çengel, Y.A., Ghajar, A.J.: Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals & Applications, 5th edn. McGraw-Hill Education, New York (2015)
CEN - European Committee for Standardization, EN 1991-1-2: Actions on structures - Part 1-2: General actions - Actions on structures exposed to fire. Brussels (2002)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Piloto, P.A.G., Balsa, C., Ribeiro, F.F., Rigobello, R. (2020). Three-Dimensional Numerical Analysis on the Fire Behaviour of Composite Slabs with Steel Deck. In: Piloto, P., Rodrigues, J., Silva, V. (eds) Advances in Fire Safety Engineering. CILASCI 2019. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol 1. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36240-9_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36240-9_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-36239-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-36240-9
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)