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Immune System and Macrophage Activation in the Cochlea: Implication for Therapeutic Intervention

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New Therapies to Prevent or Cure Auditory Disorders

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Abstract

Cochlear inflammation occurs in almost all forms of cochlear disease conditions. This immune activation is mediated by both cellular and molecular components of the cochlear immune system. In the event of inflammatory activation, resident and infiltrating macrophages interact to unleash a cascade of inflammatory mediators. While the precise roles of immune responses in cochlear homeostasis and pathogenesis are not fully understood, anti-inflammatory therapeutics have shown to be beneficial in certain cochlear stress conditions. Recent studies are beginning to reveal the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing inflammatory activities, which in turn offer potential targets for intervention. In this review, we provide an updated overview of the immune anatomy of the cochlea with a focus on the cellular components of the cochlear immune system and macrophage diversity. We describe cochlear inflammatory activities in acute and chronic stress conditions and suggest that controlling the cochlear immune state could offer protection against not only ongoing pathogenesis but also future vulnerability in the event of additional stress. We highlight the potential functional roles of the immune system in cochlear homeostasis and disease, as well as the link between clinical symptoms and cochlear inflammation. Finally, we discuss immune modulations for therapeutic interventions.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders of the National Institutes of Health [R01DC010154 (BHH)].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA

    Bo hua Hu & Celia Zhang

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  1. Bo hua Hu
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  2. Celia Zhang
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Correspondence to Bo hua Hu .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. CILcare, Advanced Solution for Drug Development in Hearing Disorder, Montpellier, France

    Sylvie Pucheu

  2. Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA

    Kelly E. Radziwon

  3. Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA

    Richard Salvi

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Hu, B.h., Zhang, C. (2020). Immune System and Macrophage Activation in the Cochlea: Implication for Therapeutic Intervention. In: Pucheu, S., Radziwon, K., Salvi, R. (eds) New Therapies to Prevent or Cure Auditory Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40413-0_5

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