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Microbiome Research and Aging

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Clinical Genetics and Genomics of Aging

Abstract

The human microbiome represents a growing area of research that integrates the biomedical and clinical sciences. Through the biomedical research, depth understanding of the molecular characteristics of the host and the microbiota has arisen. The clinical and epidemiological research allows the understanding of the interactions between the host and the microbiota over time.

Research in the field of microbiome and aging has allowed having a broader vision and a better understanding of the complexities and functionality of different microorganisms in health and disease. From the evidence, it is known that aging is a potential modifier of the composition and function of the human microbiome. Actually, it is clear that not only the quantity but the diversity of microorganisms are strongly associated with the health and disease process.

The aim of this chapter is to review the importance of the human microbiota composition at the genomic level and its relationship to clinical responses in aging. All this knowledge will possibly help to treat specific processes related to aging and encourage to keep searching to understand the relation of the aging process due to the microbiome, as well as thoroughly explore the composition of the microbiome in principal body systems and tracts in aged.

“We are born 100% human but we die 90% microbial.”

—Mändar Reet

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Abbreviations

ARAP2:

ArfGAP and RhoGAP domain with ankyrin repeat and PH domain 2

CCL2:

C-C motif chemokine ligand 2

CMV:

Cytomegalovirus

CXCR4:

C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4

DAP2:

Dipeptidyl aminopeptidase 2

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

EBV:

Epstein-Barr virus

FOS:

Fructo-oligosaccharide

Fut-2:

Fucosyltransferase 2

GWAS:

Genome-wide association study

HHV:

Human herpesvirus

HSV-1:

Herpes simplex virus 1

HSV-2:

Herpes simplex virus 2

IBD:

Inflammatory bowel disease

IgA:

Immunoglobulin A

IgG:

Immunoglobulin G

IL-12:

Interleukin 12

IL12RA:

Interleukin 12 receptor A

IL-17:

Interleukin 17

IL23R:

Interleukin 23 receptor

JAK/Stat:

Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription

KEGG:

Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes

LDL:

Low density level

LINGO2:

Leucine rich repeat and Ig domain containing 2

MHC:

C-type lectin (CLEC), major histocompatibility complex

NOD1:

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1

NOD2:

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2

PLD1:

Phospholipase D1

PUFAs:

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

SCFAs:

Short-chain fatty acids

SLIT3:

Slit homolog 3

Stat 5A:

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 A

Stat 5B:

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 B

TCR:

T-cell receptor

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor beta

UBR3:

Ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component n-recognin 3

VDR:

Vitamin D receptor

VPLs:

Virus-like particles

VSCs:

Volatile sulfur compounds

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Acknowledgments

Special thanks to Pamela Tella-Vega for the awesome images for this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Epidemiological Research, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría (INGER), Mexico City, Mexico

    B. P. Chávez-Elizalde & M. F. Carrillo-Vega

  2. División de Ciencias Básicas, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría (INGER), Mexico City, Mexico

    O. S. Barrera-Vázquez

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  1. B. P. Chávez-Elizalde
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  2. O. S. Barrera-Vázquez
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  3. M. F. Carrillo-Vega
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Correspondence to M. F. Carrillo-Vega .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Basic Sciencies Division, National Institute of Geriatrics, Ciudad de México, Mexico

    Juan Carlos Gomez-Verjan

  2. Instituto Nacional de Geriatría (INGER), Ciudad de México, Mexico

    Nadia Alejandra Rivero-Segura

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Chávez-Elizalde, B.P., Barrera-Vázquez, O.S., Carrillo-Vega, M.F. (2020). Microbiome Research and Aging. In: Gomez-Verjan, J., Rivero-Segura, N. (eds) Clinical Genetics and Genomics of Aging. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40955-5_9

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