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Heavy Metal Phytotoxicity: DNA Damage

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Cellular and Molecular Phytotoxicity of Heavy Metals

Part of the book series: Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences ((NALIS))

Abstract

Heavy metals, such as lead, chromium, mercury, copper, and arsenic, are the major environmental pollutants. Heavy metal accumulation in soils is one of the major concerns for the agriculture sector due to its adverse effects on food production and safety. This chapter details the range of heavy metals, their toxicity for plants, kind of DNA damage caused by them, and their detection by several conventional and modern methods. Heavy metal toxicity has high impact on plants and consequently it directly affects the ecosystem. Plants grow under heavy metal-contaminated sites that exhibit reduced growth, lower biomass production, altered metabolism, and high metal accumulation. Heavy metals can cause various physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes in plants. Molecular changes may include DNA damage in plants that directly interact with DNA or indirectly inhibit the DNA-repairing enzymes and by producing ROS compounds. DNA damage includes strand breaks (SSBs and DSBs), DNA-protein cross-links, base and sugar lesions, abasic site production, and DNA modifications.

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Abbreviations

AP:

Apurinic/apyrimidinic

APE:

Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease

DSB:

Double-stranded breaks

EMS:

Ethyl methane sulfonate

FISH:

Fluorescent in situ hybridization

m5C:

5-Methylcytosine

MMS:

Methyl methane sulfonate

MNC:

Micronucleus test

RAPD:

Random amplified polymorphic DNA

SCE:

Sister chromatid exchange

SSB:

Single-stranded breaks

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Acknowledgement

Authors want to acknowledge the computational facility provided by the Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali Vidyapith, Vanasthali, Rajasthan, India

    Swati Agarwal & Suphiya Khan

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  1. Swati Agarwal
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  2. Suphiya Khan
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammad Faisal

  2. Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Quaiser Saquib

  3. Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Abdulrahman A. Alatar

  4. Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Abdulaziz A. Al-Khedhairy

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Agarwal, S., Khan, S. (2020). Heavy Metal Phytotoxicity: DNA Damage. In: Faisal, M., Saquib, Q., Alatar, A.A., Al-Khedhairy, A.A. (eds) Cellular and Molecular Phytotoxicity of Heavy Metals. Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45975-8_10

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