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Do Mycorrhizal Fungi Enable Plants to Cope with Abiotic Stresses by Overcoming the Detrimental Effects of Salinity and Improving Drought Tolerance?

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Symbiotic Soil Microorganisms

Part of the book series: Soil Biology ((SOILBIOL,volume 60))

Abstract

Soil salinization and drought are major and growing ecological problems. They limit the productivity of crop plants cultivated on more than 20% of total agricultural lands worldwide. Global climate changes and sequences of agriculture-related management practices would induce salinity to more than 50% of the arable land by 2050. Excess salt in soil impedes plant photosynthetic processes, seed germination, and root uptake of water and nutrients such as K+. Under the same soil and climate conditions, water deficiency is also one of the serious limiting factors for plant growth and food security. Application of biological processes such as mycorrhizal fungi as inoculants provide a cost-effective long-term solution for coping with saline and drought conditions. Inoculation of mycorrhizal fungi along with certain microbial strains in salt and drought-affected soils increase root infection. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are renowned for effective scavengers of free radicals in soil thereby increasing soil parameters optimal for plant growth. The mechanism to cope with drought stress involves in AMF-enhance drought and salt tolerance through direct water and nutrient uptake via extraradical hyphae, better root system architecture, enhancement of antioxidant defense systems, and greater osmotic adjustment. Mycorrhizal colonization upregulates the expression of chloroplast genes in leaves, and genes encoding membrane transport proteins involved in K+/Na+ homeostasis in roots. Mycorrhizal inoculated seedlings exhibit high root salicylic acid concentrations and lower leaf and root jasmonic acid concentrations under salt stress. The AMF improve root hydraulic conductivity as well as the plant water status and tolerance under drought stress. Essential nutrients are also taken up through mycorrhizal hyphae and differences in P and K acquisition, transpiration, and stomatal conductance are related to mycorrhizal efficiencies of different fungi. Indigenous microorganisms may be a promising biological technology to improve plant performance and development and to alleviate salt stress damage.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey

    I. Ortas

  2. Department of Soil Science, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

    M. Rafique

  3. Faculty of Science and Literature, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey

    F. Ö. Çekiç

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  3. F. Ö. Çekiç
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Correspondence to I. Ortas .

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  1. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Neeraj Shrivastava

  2. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Shubhangi Mahajan

  3. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ajit Varma

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Ortas, I., Rafique, M., Çekiç, F.Ö. (2021). Do Mycorrhizal Fungi Enable Plants to Cope with Abiotic Stresses by Overcoming the Detrimental Effects of Salinity and Improving Drought Tolerance?. In: Shrivastava, N., Mahajan, S., Varma, A. (eds) Symbiotic Soil Microorganisms. Soil Biology, vol 60. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51916-2_23

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