Emulsions and Foams

Langevin, Dominique

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-55681-5_4

Dominique Langevin⁹

Part of the book series: Soft and Biological Matter ((SOBIMA))

976 Accesses
2 Citations

Abstract

Emulsions are dispersions of oil and water as are microemulsions. They can be stabilized not only with surfactants but with polymers, proteins, or small particles. The role of the stabilizer is to slow down the different mechanisms of aging: gravity sedimentation/creaming, flocculation, Ostwald ripening, and coalescence. Oil–water interfacial tensions are usually about a few mN/m or larger, and dispersion entropy cannot compensate surface energy. Emulsions cannot therefore be thermodynamically stable as microemulsions (Sect. 3.3.2). They evolve with time but can eventually be stabilized kinetically, and their lifetimes can be up to years in food and cosmetic formulations. Other emulsions are much less stable, for instance, when the amount of surface-active agents is small, in which case they destabilize after minutes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Chapter: USD 29.95; Price excludes VAT (USA)

eBook: USD 129.00; Price excludes VAT (USA)

Softcover Book: USD 169.00; Price excludes VAT (USA)

Hardcover Book: USD 169.99; Price excludes VAT (USA)

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

Abkarian, M., Subramaniam, A. B., Kim, S.-H., Larsen, R. J., Yang, S.-M., & Stone, H. A. (2007). Dissolution arrest and stability of particle-covered bubbles. Physical Review Letters, 99(18), 188301.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Ahn, K., Agresti, J., Chong, H., Marquez, M., & Weitz, D. A. (2006). Electrocoalescence of drops synchronized by size-dependent flow in microfluidic channels. Applied Physics Letters, 88(26), 264105. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2218058.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Arditty, S., Whitby, C. P., Binks, B. P., Schmitt, V., & Leal-Calderon, F. (2003). Some general features of limited coalescence in solid-stabilized emulsions. The European Physical Journal E, 11(3), 273–281. https://doi.org/10.1140/epje/i2003-10018-6.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Ariyaprakai, S., & Dungan, S. R. (2010). Influence of surfactant structure on the contribution of micelles to Ostwald ripening in oil-in-water emulsions. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 343(1), 102–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2009.11.034.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Arriaga, L. R., Drenckhan, W., Salonen, A., Rodrigues, J. A., Iniguez-Palomares, R., Rio, E., & Langevin, D. (2012a). On the long-term stability of foams stabilised by mixtures of nano-particles and oppositely charged short chain surfactants. Soft Matter, 8(43), 11085–11097. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2sm26461g.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Arriaga, L. R., Monroy, F., & Langevin, D. (2012b). The polymer glass transition in nanometric films. European Physics Letters, 98(3), 38007. https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/98/38007.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Asipauskas, M., Aubouy, M., Glazier, J. A., Graner, F., & Jiang, Y. (2003). A texture tensor to quantify deformations: The example of two-dimensional flowing foams. Granular Matter, 5(2), 71–74.
Article MATH Google Scholar
Aveyard, R., Binks, B. P., Fletcher, P. D. I., & Lu, J. R. (1990). The resolution of water-in-crude oil-emulsions by the addition of low molar mass demulsifiers. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 139(1), 128–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(90)90450-3.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Bancroft, W. D. (1913). The theory of emulsification, V. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 17(6), 501–519. https://doi.org/10.1021/j150141a002.
Article Google Scholar
Bergeron, V., & Langevin, D. (1996). Monolayer spreading of polydimethylsiloxane oil on surfactant solutions. Physical Review Letters, 76(17), 3152–3155.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Bergeron, V., Cooper, P., Fischer, C., GiermanskaKahn, J., Langevin, D., & Pouchelon, A. (1997a). Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based antifoams. Colloids and Surfaces A-Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 122(1–3), 103–120.
Google Scholar
Bergeron, V., Hanssen, J. E., & Shoghl, F. N. (1997b). Thin-film forces in hydrocarbon foam films and their application to gas-blocking foams in enhanced oil recovery. Colloids and Surfaces A-Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 123, 609–622. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0927-7757(96)03808-3.
Article Google Scholar
Bey, H., Wintzenrieth, F., Ronsin, O., Hohler, R., & Cohen-Addad, S. (2017). Stabilization of foams by the combined effects of an insoluble gas species and gelation. Soft Matter, 13(38), 6816–6830. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6sm02191c.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Biance, A. L., Delbos, A., & Pitois, O. (2011). How topological rearrangements and liquid fraction control liquid foam stability. Physical Review Letters, 106(6), 068301. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.068301.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Binks, B. P. (1993). Relationship between microemulsion phase behavior and macroemulsion type in systems containing nonionic surfactant. Langmuir, 9(1), 25–28.
Article Google Scholar
Binks, B. P. (2017). Colloidal particles at a range of fluid–fluid interfaces. Langmuir, 33(28), 6947–6963. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00860.
Article Google Scholar
Binks, B. P., & Murakami, R. (2006). Phase inversion of particle-stabilized materials from foams to dry water. Nature Materials, 5(11), 865–869. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1757.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Binks, B. P., Rocher, A., & Kirkland, M. (2011). Oil foams stabilised solely by particles. Soft Matter, 7(5), 1800–1808. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0sm01129k.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Blázquez, C., Emond, E., Schneider, S., Dalmazzone, C., & Bergeron, V. (2014). Non-aqueous and crude oil foams. Oil & Gas Science and Technology-Revue IFP Energies Nouvelles, 69(3), 467–479.
Article Google Scholar
Blijdenstein, T. B. J., de Groot, P. W. N., & Stoyanov, S. D. (2010). On the link between foam coarsening and surface rheology: Why hydrophobins are so different. Soft Matter, 6(8), 1799–1808. https://doi.org/10.1039/b925648b.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Bonfillon-Colin, A., & Langevin, D. (1997). Why do ethoxylated nonionic surfactants not foam at high temperature? Langmuir, 13(4), 599–601. https://doi.org/10.1021/la950439i.
Article Google Scholar
Bos, M. A., & van Vliet, T. (2001). Interfacial rheological properties of adsorbed protein layers and surfactants: A review. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 91(3), 437–471.
Article Google Scholar
Bragg, W. L., & Nye, J. F. (1947). A dynamical model of a crystal structure. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 190(1023), 474–481. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1947.0089.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Bressy, L., Hebraud, P., Schmitt, V., & Bibette, J. (2003). Rheology of emulsions stabilized by solid interfaces. [Article]. Langmuir, 19(3), 598–604. https://doi.org/10.1021/la0264466.
Article Google Scholar
Bretherton, F. P. (1961). The motion of long bubbles in tubes. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 10(2), 166–188.
Article ADS MathSciNet MATH Google Scholar
Briceño-Ahumada, Z., & Langevin, D. (2017). On the influence of surfactant on the coarsening of aqueous foams. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 244, 124–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2015.11.005.
Article Google Scholar
Briceño-Ahumada, Z., Drenckhan, W., & Langevin, D. (2016a). Coalescence in draining foams made of very small bubbles. Physical Review Letters, 116, 128302.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Briceño-Ahumada, Z., Maldonado, A., Imperor-Clerc, M., & Langevin, D. (2016b). On the stability of foams made with surfactant bilayer phases. Soft Matter, 12(5), 1459–1467.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Cachile, M., & Cazabat, A. M. (1999). Spontaneous spreading of surfactant solutions on hydrophilic surfaces: CnEm in ethylene and diethylene glycol. Langmuir, 15(4), 1515–1521.
Article Google Scholar
Cantat, I., Cohen-Addad, S., Elias, F., Graner, F., Hohler, R., Pitois, O., Rouyer, F., & Saint-Jalmes, A. (2013). Foams – Structure and Dynamics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Book Google Scholar
Cervantes Martinez, A., Rio, E., Delon, G., Saint-Jalmes, A., Langevin, D., & Binks, B. P. (2008). On the origin of the remarkable stability of aqueous foams stabilised by nanoparticles: Link with microscopic surface properties. Soft Matter, 4(7), 1531–1535.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Chakibi, H., Henaut, I., Salonen, A., Langevin, D., & Argillier, J.-F. (2018). Role of bubble-drop interactions and salt addition in flotation performance. Energy & Fuels, 32, 4049–4056. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b04053.
Article Google Scholar
Chevalier, Y., & Bolzinger, M.-A. (2013). Emulsions stabilized with solid nanoparticles: Pickering emulsions. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 439, 23–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.02.054.
Article Google Scholar
Chu, L.-Y., Utada, A. S., Shah, R. K., Kim, J.-W., & Weitz, D. A. (2007). Controllable monodisperse multiple emulsions. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 46(47), 8970–8974. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200701358.
Article Google Scholar
Clift, R., Grace, J. R., & Weber, M. E. (2005). Bubbles, drops, and particles. Courier Corporation.
Google Scholar
Cohen-Addad, S., Höhler, R., & Pitois, O. (2013). Flow in foams and flowing foams. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 45, 241–267.
Article ADS MathSciNet MATH Google Scholar
Datta, S. S., Gerrard, D. D., Rhodes, T. S., Mason, T. G., & Weitz, D. A. (2011). Rheology of attractive emulsions. Physical Review E, 84(4), 041404. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.84.041404.
Article ADS Google Scholar
de Gennes, P. G. (2001a). Some remarks on coalescence in emulsions or foams. Chemical Engineering Science, 56(19), 5449–5450.
Article Google Scholar
de Gennes, P. G. (2001b). “Young” soap films. Langmuir, 17(8), 2416–2419. https://doi.org/10.1021/la001538l.
Article Google Scholar
Delmas, T., Piraux, H., Couffin, A.-C., Texier, I., Vinet, F., Poulin, P., Cates, M. E., & Bibette, J. (2011). How to prepare and stabilize very small nanoemulsions. Langmuir, 27(5), 1683–1692. https://doi.org/10.1021/la104221q.
Article Google Scholar
Denkov, N. D. (2004). Mechanisms of foam destruction by oil-based antifoams. Langmuir, 20(22), 9463–9505. https://doi.org/10.1021/la049646o.
Article Google Scholar
Denkov, N. D., Tcholakova, S., Golemanov, K., Ananthpadmanabhan, K. P., & Lips, A. (2009). The role of surfactant type and bubble surface mobility in foam rheology. Soft Matter, 5(18), 3389–3408. https://doi.org/10.1039/b903586a.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Denkov, N., Tcholakova, S., & Cholakova, D. (2019). Surface phase transitions in foams and emulsions. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, 44, 32–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cocis.2019.09.005.
Article Google Scholar
Dickinson, E., Ettelaie, R., Murray, B. S., & Du, Z. P. (2002). Kinetics of disproportionation of air bubbles beneath a planar air-water interface stabilized by food proteins. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 252(1), 202–213. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2002.8405.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Drenckhan, W., & Hutzler, S. (2015). Structure and energy of liquid foams. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 224, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2015.05.004.
Article Google Scholar
Drenckhan, W., & Langevin, D. (2010). Monodisperse foams in one to three dimensions. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, 15(5), 341–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cocis.2010.06.002.
Article Google Scholar
Drenckhan, W., & Saint-Jalmes, A. (2015). The science of foaming. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 222, 228–259.
Article Google Scholar
Dressaire, E., Bee, R., Bell, D. C., Lips, A., & Stone, H. A. (2008). Interfacial polygonal nanopatterning of stable microbubbles. Science, 320(5880), 1198–1201. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1154601.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Durand, M., & Stone, H. A. (2006). Relaxation time of the topological T1 process in a two-dimensional foam. Physical Review Letters, 97(22), 226101. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.226101.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Durand, M., Martinoty, G., & Langevin, D. (1999). Liquid flow through aqueous foams: From the plateau border-dominated regime to the node-dominated regime. Physical Review E, 60(6), R6307–R6308.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Eow, J. S., Ghadiri, M., Sharif, A. O., & Williams, T. J. (2001). Electrostatic enhancement of coalescence of water droplets in oil: A review of the current understanding. Chemical Engineering Journal, 84(3), 173–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1385-8947(00)00386-7.
Article Google Scholar
Erwin, B. M., Rogers, S. A., Cloitre, M., & Vlassopoulos, D. (2010). Examining the validity of strain-rate frequency superposition when measuring the linear viscoelastic properties of soft materials. Journal of Rheology, 54(2), 187–195. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.3301247.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Ese, M. H., Galet, L., Clausse, D., & Sjoblom, J. (1999). Properties of Langmuir surface and interfacial films built up by asphaltenes and resins: Influence of chemical demulsifiers. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 220(2), 293–301. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1999.6549.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Fameau, A.-L., Saint-Jalmes, A., Cousin, F., Houssou, B. H., Novales, B., Navailles, L., Nallet, F., Gaillard, C., Boué, F., & Douliez, J.-P. (2011). Smart foams: Switching reversibly between ultrastable and unstable foams. Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, 50(36), 8264–8269. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201102115.
Article Google Scholar
Farajzadeh, R., Krastev, R., & Zitha, P. L. J. (2008). Foam film permeability: Theory and experiment. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 137(1), 27–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2007.08.002.
Article Google Scholar
Feitosa, K., & Durian, D. J. (2008). Gas and liquid transport in steady-state aqueous foam. European Physical Journal E, 26(3), 309–316.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Feitosa, K., Marze, S., Saint-Jalmes, A., & Durian, D. J. (2005). Electrical conductivity of dispersions: From dry foams to dilute suspensions. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 17(41), 6301–6305. https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/17/41/001.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Forel, E., Dollet, B., Langevin, D., & Rio, E. (2019a). Coalescence in two-dimensional foams: A purely statistical process dependent on film area. Physical Review Letters, 122(8), 088002.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Forel, E., Langevin, D., & Rio, E. (2019b). Measurement of film permeability in 2D foams. European Physical Journal E, 42(6), 75. https://doi.org/10.1140/epje/i2019-11834-7.
Fortuna, I., Thomas, G. L., de Almeida, R. M. C., & Graner, F. (2012). Growth laws and self-similar growth regimes of coarsening two-dimensional foams: Transition from dry to wet limits. Physical review letters, 108(24), 248301. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.248301.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Friberg, S., & Saito, H. (1976). Foam stability and association of surfactants. In R. J. Akers (Ed.), Foams (pp. 31–34). London: Academic.
Google Scholar
Gaillard, T., Roche, M., Honorez, C., Jumeau, M., Balan, A., Jedrzejczyk, C., & Drenckhan, W. (2017). Controlled foam generation using cyclic diphasic flows through a constriction. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 96, 173–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2017.02.009.
Article Google Scholar
Garrett, P. (Ed.). (1992). Defoaming, theory and industrial applications. Boca Raton: Dekker, M.
Google Scholar
Georgieva, D., Cagna, A., & Langevin, D. (2009a). Link between surface elasticity and foam stability. Soft Matter, 5(10), 2063–2071. https://doi.org/10.1039/b822568k.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Georgieva, D., Schmitt, V., Leal-Calderon, F., & Langevin, D. (2009b). On the possible role of surface elasticity in emulsion stability. Langmuir, 25(10), 5565–5573. https://doi.org/10.1021/la804240e.
Article Google Scholar
Gibbs, J. W. (1928). The collected works (Vol. 1). London: Longmans, Green and co.
MATH Google Scholar
Glazier, J. A., Gross, S. P., & Stavans, J. (1987). Dynamics of two-dimensional soap froths. Physical Review A, 36(1), 306–312. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.36.306.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Golemanov, K., Denkov, N. D., Tcholakova, S., Vethamuthu, M., & Lips, A. (2008a). Surfactant mixtures for control of bubble surface mobility in foam studies. Langmuir, 24(18), 9956–9961. https://doi.org/10.1021/la8015386.
Article Google Scholar
Golemanov, K., Tcholakova, S., Denkov, N., Ananthapadmanabhan, K., & Lips, A. (2008b). Breakup of bubbles and drops in steadily sheared foams and concentrated emulsions. Physical Review E, 78(5), 051405.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Grace, H. P. (1982). Dispersion phenomena in high viscosity immiscible fluid systems and application of static mixers as dispersion devices in such systems. Chemical Engineering Communications, 14(3–6), 225–277. https://doi.org/10.1080/00986448208911047.
Article Google Scholar
Griffin, W. C. (1949). Classification of surface-active agents by “HLB”. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 1, 311–326.
Google Scholar
Groeneweg, F., Agterof, W. G. M., Jaeger, P., Janssen, J. J. M., Wieringa, J. A., & Klahn, J. K. (1998). On the mechanism of the inversion of emulsions. Chemical Engineering Research & Design, 76(A1), 55–63. https://doi.org/10.1205/026387698524596.
Article Google Scholar
Guillermic, R. M., Salonen, A., Emile, J., & Saint-Jalmes, A. (2009). Surfactant foams doped with laponite: Unusual behaviors induced by aging and confinement. Soft Matter, 5(24), 4975–4982. https://doi.org/10.1039/b914923f.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Harkins, W. D., Davies, E. C. H., & Clark, G. L. (1917). The orientation of molecules in the surfaces of liquids, the energy relations at surfaces, solubility, adsorption, emulsification, molecular association, and the effect of acids and bases on interfacial tension (surface energy VI). Journal of the American Chemical Society, 39, 541–596. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02249a002.
Article Google Scholar
Hasmy, A., Paredes, R., Sonneville-Aubrun, O., Cabane, B., & Botet, R. (1999). Dynamical transition in a model for dry foams. Physical Review Letters, 82(16), 3368.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Hébraud, P., Lequeux, F., Munch, J., & Pine, D. (1997). Yielding and rearrangements in disordered emulsions. Physical Review Letters, 78(24), 4657.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Hildebrand, J. H. (1941). Emulsion type. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 45(8), 1303–1305. https://doi.org/10.1021/j150413a016.
Article Google Scholar
Hilgenfeldt, S., Koehler, S. A., & Stone, H. A. (2001). Dynamics of coarsening foams: Accelerated and self-limiting drainage. Physical Review Letters, 86(20), 4704.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Höhler, R., Cohen-Addad, S., & Durian, D. J. (2014). Multiple light scattering as a probe of foams and emulsions. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, 19(3), 242–252.
Article Google Scholar
Jansen, K., Agterof, W., & Mellema, J. (2001). Droplet breakup in concentrated emulsions. Journal of rheology, 45(1), 227–236.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Janssen, J. J. M., Boon, A., & Agterof, W. G. M. (1994). Droplet break-up in simple shear flow in the presence of emulsifiers. Colloids and surfaces A: Physicochemical and engineering aspects, 91, 141–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/0927-7757(94)02859-1.
Article Google Scholar
Kim, Y. H., & Wasan, D. T. (1996). Effect of demulsifier partitioning on the destabilization of water-in-oil emulsions. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 35(4), 1141–1149. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie950372u.
Article Google Scholar
Kwan, J. J., & Borden, M. A. (2012). Lipid monolayer collapse and microbubble stability. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 183, 82–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2012.08.005.
Article Google Scholar
Lambert, J., Cantat, I., Delannay, R., Mokso, R., Cloetens, P., Glazier, J. A., & Graner, F. (2007). Experimental growth law for bubbles in a moderately “Wet” 3D liquid foam. Physical Review Letters, 99(5), 058304. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.058304.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Langevin, D., Poteau, S., Henaut, I., & Argillier, J. F. (2004). Crude oil emulsion properties and their application to heavy oil transportation. Oil & Gas Science and Technology-Revue IFP Energies Nouvelles, 59(5), 511–521. https://doi.org/10.2516/ogst:2004036.
Article Google Scholar
Langmuir, I. (1917). The constitution and fundamental properties of solids and liquids. II. Liquids. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 39, 1848–1906. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02254a006.
Article Google Scholar
Larson, R. G. (1999). The structure and rheology of complex fluids. New York: Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar
Le Merrer, M., Cohen-Addad, S., & Hoehler, R. (2013). Duration of bubble rearrangements in a coarsening foam probed by time-resolved diffusing-wave spectroscopy: Impact of interfacial rigidity. Physical Review E, 88(2), 022303. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.88.022303.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Le Merrer, M., Lespiat, R., Hohler, R., & Cohen-Addad, S. (2015). Linear and non-linear wall friction of wet foams. Soft Matter, 11(2), 368–381. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4sm01557f.
Article Google Scholar
Leal-Calderon, F., Schmitt, V., & Bibette, J. (2007). Emulsion science: Basic principles. New York: Springer.
Google Scholar
Levich, V. G. (1962). Physicochemical Hydrodynamics. Englewoods Cliffs: Prentice Hall.
Google Scholar
Li, X. L., Karakashev, S. I., Evans, G. M., & Stevenson, P. (2012). Effect of environmental humidity on static foam stability. Langmuir, 28(9), 4060–4068. https://doi.org/10.1021/la205101d.
Article Google Scholar
Louvet, N., Höhler, R., & Pitois, O. (2010). Capture of particles in soft porous media. Physical Review E, 82(4), 041405.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Maestro, A., Drenckhan, W., Rio, E., & Hohler, R. (2013). Liquid dispersions under gravity: Volume fraction profile and osmotic pressure. Soft Matter, 9(8), 2531–2540. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2sm27668b.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Marchand, M., Restagno, F., Rio, E., & Boulogne, F. (2020). Roughness induced friction in liquid foams. Physical Review Letters.
Google Scholar
Marquez, R., Forgiarini, A. M., Langevin, D., & Salager, J.-L. (2018). Instability of emulsions made with surfactant–oil–water systems at optimum formulation with ultralow interfacial tension. Langmuir, 34(31), 9252–9263. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01376.
Article Google Scholar
Marquez, R., Forgiarini, A. M., Langevin, D., & Salager, J.-L. (2019). Breaking of water-in-crude oil emulsions. Part 9. New interfacial rheology characteristics measured using a spinning drop rheometer at optimum formulation. Energy & fuels, 33(9), 8151–8164. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b01476.
Article Google Scholar
Martin, A. H., Grolle, K., Bos, M. A., Stuart, M. A., & van Vliet, T. (2002). Network forming properties of various proteins adsorbed at the air/water interface in relation to foam stability. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 254(1), 175–183. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2002.8592.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Meinders, M. B. J., & van Vliet, T. (2004). The role of interfacial rheological properties on Ostwald ripening in emulsions. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 108, 119–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2003.10.005.
Article Google Scholar
Mellema, M., & Benjamins, J. (2004). Importance of the Marangoni effect in the foaming of hot oil with phospholipids. Colloids and Surfaces A-Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 237(1–3), 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2004.01.038.
Article Google Scholar
Miller, C. A. (1988). Spontaneous emulsification produced by diffusion — A review. Colloids and surfaces, 29(1), 89–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-6622(88)80173-2.
Article Google Scholar
Miller, C. A. (2008). Antifoaming in aqueous foams. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, 13(3), 177–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cocis.2007.11.007.
Article Google Scholar
Miyazaki, K., Wyss, H. M., Weitz, D. A., & Reichman, D. R. (2006). Nonlinear viscoelasticity of metastable complex fluids. Europhysics Letters, 75(6), 915.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Monin, D., Espert, A., & Colin, A. (2000). A new analysis of foam coalescence: From isolated films to three-dimensional foams. Langmuir, 16(8), 3873–3883. https://doi.org/10.1021/la981733o.
Article Google Scholar
Morse, D. C., & Witten, T. A. (1993). Droplet elasticity in weakly compressed emulsions. Europhysics Letters, 22(7), 549–555. https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/22/7/012.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Park, J. I., Nie, Z., Kumachev, A., Abdelrahman, A. I., Binks, B. P., Stone, H. A., & Kumacheva, E. (2009). A microfluidic approach to chemically driven assembly of colloidal particles at gas–liquid interfaces. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 48(29), 5300–5304.
Article Google Scholar
Princen, H. M. (1983). Rheology of foams and highly concentrated emulsions: I. Elastic properties and yield stress of a cylindrical model system. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 91(1), 160–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(83)90323-5.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Princen, H. M. (1986). Osmotic-pressure of foams and highly concentrated emulsions. 1. Theoretical considerations. Langmuir, 2(4), 519–524. https://doi.org/10.1021/la00070a023.
Article Google Scholar
Princen, H. M., & Kiss, A. D. (1987). Osmotic-pressure of foams and highly concentrated emulsions. 2. Determination from the variation in volume fraction with height in an equilibrated column. Langmuir, 3(1), 36–41. https://doi.org/10.1021/la00073a007.
Article Google Scholar
Reinelt, D. A., & Kraynik, A. M. (1996). Simple shearing flow of a dry Kelvin soap foam. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 311, 327–343.
Article ADS MATH Google Scholar
Richardson, J. F., & Zaki, W. N. (1954). The sedimentation of a suspension of uniform spheres under conditions of viscous flow. Chemical Engineering Science, 3(2), 65–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(54)85015-9.
Article Google Scholar
Ritacco, H., Kiefer, F., & Langevin, D. (2007). Lifetime of bubble rafts: Cooperativity and avalanches. Physical Review Letters, 98(24), 244501. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.244501.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Roger, K., Cabane, B., & Olsson, U. (2010). Formation of 10–100 nm size-controlled emulsions through a sub-PIT cycle. Langmuir, 26(6), 3860–3867. https://doi.org/10.1021/la903401g.
Article Google Scholar
Roger, K., Cabane, B., & Olsson, U. (2011). Emulsification through surfactant hydration: The PIC process revisited. Langmuir, 27(2), 604–611. https://doi.org/10.1021/la1042603.
Article Google Scholar
Roger, K., Olsson, U., Schweins, R., & Cabane, B. (2015). Emulsion ripening through molecular exchange at droplet contacts. Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, 54(5), 1452–1455. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201407858.
Article Google Scholar
Ross, S., & Townsend, D. F. (1981). Foam behavior in partially miscible binary systems. Chemical Engineering Communications, 11(6), 347–353. https://doi.org/10.1080/00986448108911004.
Article Google Scholar
Safouane, M., Saint-Jalmes, A., Bergeron, V., & Langevin, D. (2006). Viscosity effects in foam drainage: Newtonian and non-Newtonian foaming fluids. European Physical Journal E, 19(2), 195–202. https://doi.org/10.1140/epje/e2006-00025-4.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Saint-Jalmes, A. (2006). Physical chemistry in foam drainage and coarsening. Soft Matter, 2(10), 836–849. https://doi.org/10.1039/b606780h.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Saint-Jalmes, A., & Durian, D. J. (1999). Vanishing elasticity for wet foams: Equivalence with emulsions and role of polydispersity. Journal of Rheology, 43(6), 1411–1422. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.551052.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Saint-Jalmes, A., & Langevin, D. (2002). Time evolution of aqueous foams: Drainage and coarsening. Journal of Physics-Condensed Matter, 14(40), 9397–9412.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Saint-Jalmes, A., Vera, M. U., & Durian, D. J. (1999). Uniform foam production by turbulent mixing: New results on free drainage vs. liquid content. European Physical Journal B, 12(1), 67–73.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Saint-Jalmes, A., Zhang, Y., & Langevin, D. (2004). Quantitative description of foam drainage: Transitions with surface mobility. European Physical Journal E, 15(1), 53–60. https://doi.org/10.1140/epje/i2004-10036-x.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Saint-Jalmes, A., Peugeot, M. L., Ferraz, H., & Langevin, D. (2005). Differences between protein and surfactant foams: Microscopic properties, stability and coarsening. Colloids and Surfaces A-Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 263(1–3), 219–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.02.002.
Article Google Scholar
Salager, J. L., Marquez, L., Pena, A. A., Rondon, M., Silva, F., & Tyrode, E. (2000). Current phenomenological know-how and modeling of emulsion inversion. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 39(8), 2665–2676. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie990778x.
Article Google Scholar
Salager, J. L., Forgiarini, A., Marquez, L., Pena, A., Pizzino, A., Rodriguez, M. P., & Rondo- Gonzalez, M. (2004). Using emulsion inversion in industrial processes. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 108, 259–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2003.10.008.
Article Google Scholar
Salonen, A. (2020). Mixing bubbles and drops to make foamed emulsions. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science.
Google Scholar
Salonen, A., Lhermerout, R., Rio, E., Langevin, D., & Saint-Jalmes, A. (2012). Dual gas and oil dispersions in water: Production and stability of foamulsion. Soft Matter, 8(48), 699–706.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Scheffold, F., Cardinaux, F., & Mason, T. G. (2013). Linear and nonlinear rheology of dense emulsions across the glass and the jamming regimes. Journal of Physics-Condensed Matter, 25(50), 502101. https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/25/50/502101.
Article Google Scholar
Scheffold, F., Wilking, J. N., Haberko, J., Cardinaux, F., & Mason, T. G. (2014). The jamming elasticity of emulsions stabilized by ionic surfactants. Soft Matter, 10(28), 5040–5044. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4sm00389f.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Schimming, C. D., & Durian, D. J. (2017). Border-crossing model for the diffusive coarsening of two-dimensional and quasi-two-dimensional wet foams. Physical Review E, 96(3). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.96.032805.
Schneider, M., Zou, Z., Langevin, D., & Salonen, A. (2017). Foamed emulsion drainage: Flow and trapping of drops. Soft Matter, 13(22), 4132–4141. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7sm00506g.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Shinoda, K., & Saito, H. (1969). Stability of O/W type emulsions as functions of temperature and HLB of emulsifiers – Emulsification by PIT-method. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 30(2), 258. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9797(69)80012-3.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Solans, C., Morales, D., & Homs, M. (2016). Spontaneous emulsification. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, 22, 88–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cocis.2016.03.002.
Article Google Scholar
Stebe, K. J., & Maldarelli, C. (1994). Remobilizing surfactant retarded fluid particle interfaces. 2. Controlling the surface mobility at interfaces of solutions containing surface active components. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 163(1), 177–189.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Stevenson, P. (Ed.). (2012). Foam engineering: Fundamentals and applications. Wiley.
Google Scholar
Stocco, A., Drenckhan, W., Rio, E., Langevin, D., & Binks, B. P. (2009). Particle-stabilised foams: An interfacial study. Soft Matter, 5(11), 2215–2222. https://doi.org/10.1039/b901180c.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Stocco, A., Garcia-Moreno, F., Manke, I., Banhart, J., & Langevin, D. (2011a). Particle-stabilised foams: Structure and aging. Soft Matter, 7(2), 631–637. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0sm00166j.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Stocco, A., Rio, E., Binks, B. P., & Langevin, D. (2011b). Aqueous foams stabilized solely by particles. Soft Matter, 7(4), 1260–1267. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0sm01290d.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Suja, V. C., Kar, A., Cates, W., Remmert, S. M., Savage, P. D., & Fuller, G. G. (2018). Evaporation-induced foam stabilization in lubricating oils. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115(31), 7919–7924. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1805645115.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Tadros, T. F. (2009). Emulsion science and technology: A general introduction. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
Book Google Scholar
Tadros, T., Izquierdo, R., Esquena, J., & Solans, C. (2004). Formation and stability of nano-emulsions. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 108, 303–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2003.10.023.
Article Google Scholar
Taisne, L., Walstra, P., & Cabane, B. (1996). Transfer of oil between emulsion droplets. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 184(2), 378–390.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Takagi, S., & Matsumoto, Y. (2011). Surfactant effects on bubble motion and bubbly flows. In S. H. Davis & P. Moin (Eds.), Annual review of fluid mechanics (Vol. 43, pp. 615–636).
Google Scholar
Taylor, P. (1998). Ostwald ripening in emulsions. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 75(2), 107–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-8686(98)00035-9.
Article Google Scholar
Tcholakova, S., Denkov, N. D., & Danner, T. (2004). Role of surfactant type and concentration for the mean drop size during emulsification in turbulent flow. Langmuir, 20(18), 7444–7458. https://doi.org/10.1021/la049335a.
Article Google Scholar
Tcholakova, S., Denkov, N. D., & Lips, A. (2008). Comparison of solid particles, globular proteins and surfactants as emulsifiers. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 10(12), 1608–1627.
Article Google Scholar
Tcholakova, S., Mitrinova, Z., Golemanov, K., Denkov, N. D., Vethamuthu, M., & Ananthapadmanabhan, K. P. (2011). Control of ostwald ripening by using surfactants with high surface modulus. Langmuir, 27(24), 14807–14819. https://doi.org/10.1021/la203952p.
Article Google Scholar
Thomas, G. L., Belmonte, J. M., Graner, F., Glazier, J. A., & de Almeida, R. M. C. (2015). 3D simulations of wet foam coarsening evidence a self similar growth regime. Colloids and Surfaces A-Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 473, 109–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.02.015.
Article Google Scholar
Tokiwa, Y., Sakamoto, H., Takiue, T., Aratono, M., Matsubara, H., & Bain, C. D. (2018). Effect of surface freezing on stability of oil-in-water emulsions. Langmuir, 34(21), 6205–6209. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01088.
Article Google Scholar
Traykov, T. T., Manev, E. D., & Ivanov, I. B. (1977). Hydrodynamics of thin liquid-films – Experimental investigation of effect of surfactants on drainage of emulsion films. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 3(5), 485–494. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9322(77)90024-6.
Article Google Scholar
Tuinier, R., Bisperink, C. G. J., vandenBerg, C., & Prins, A. (1996). Transient foaming behavior of aqueous alcohol solutions as related to their dilational surface properties. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 179(2), 327–334. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1996.0223.
Article ADS Google Scholar
van Aken, G. A., & van Vliet, T. (2002). Flow-induced coalescence in protein-stabilized highly concentrated emulsions: Role of shear-resisting connections between the droplets. Langmuir, 18(20), 7364–7370. https://doi.org/10.1021/la020359w.
Article Google Scholar
Vandewalle, N., Lentz, J. F., Dorbolo, S., & Brisbois, F. (2001). Avalanches of popping bubbles in collapsing foams. Physical Review Letters, 86(1), 179.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Varade, D., Carriere, D., Arriaga, L. R., Fameau, A. L., Rio, E., Langevin, D., & Drenckhan, W. (2011). On the origin of the stability of foams made from catanionic surfactant mixtures. Soft Matter, 7(14), 6557–6570. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1sm05374d.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Velev, O. D., & Gupta, S. (2009). Materials fabricated by micro- and nanoparticle assembly – The challenging path from science to engineering. Advanced Materials, 21(19), 1897–1905. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200801837.
Article Google Scholar
Vignati, E., Piazza, R., & Lockhart, T. P. (2003). Pickering emulsions: Interfacial tension, colloidal layer morphology, and trapped-particle motion. Langmuir, 19(17), 6650–6656. https://doi.org/10.1021/la034264l.
Article Google Scholar
Walstra, P. (1993). Principles of emulsion formation. Chemical Engineering Science, 48(2), 333–349.
Article Google Scholar
Weaire, D., & Hutzler, S. (1999). The physics of foams. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar
Weaire, D., & Pageron, V. (1990). Frustrated froth – Evolution of foam inhibited by an insoluble gaseous component. Philosophical Magazine Letters, 62(6), 417–421. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500839008215544.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Weaire, D., Hohler, R., & Hutzler, S. (2017). Bubble-bubble interactions in a 2d foam, close to the wet limit. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 247, 491–495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2017.07.004.
Article Google Scholar
Webster, A. J., & Cates, M. E. (1998). Stabilization of emulsions by trapped species. Langmuir, 14(8), 2068–2079.
Article Google Scholar
Webster, A. J., & Cates, M. E. (2001). Osmotic stabilization of concentrated emulsions and foams. Langmuir, 17(3), 595–608. https://doi.org/10.1021/la000699m.
Article Google Scholar
Williams, A., Janssen, J. J. M., & Prins, A. (1997). Behaviour of droplets in simple shear flow in the presence of a protein emulsifier. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 125(2–3), 189–200.
Article Google Scholar
Yazhgur, P., Langevin, D., Caps, H., Klein, V., Rio, E., & Salonen, A. (2015). How antifoams act: A microgravity study. NPJ Microgravity, 1, 15004. https://doi.org/10.1038/npjmgrav.2015.4.
Article Google Scholar
Ybert, C., & di Meglio, J. M. (1998). Study of protein adsorption by dynamic surface tension measurements: Diffusive regime. Langmuir, 14(2), 471–475. https://doi.org/10.1021/la970999c.
Article Google Scholar
Zhang, L., Mikhailovskaya, A., Yazhgur, P., Muller, F., Cousin, F., Langevin, D., Wang, N., & Salonen, A. (2015). Precipitating sodium dodecyl sulfate to create ultrastable and stimulable foams. Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, 54(33), 9533–9536. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201503236.
Article Google Scholar

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Universite Paris Saclay, ORSAY, France
Dominique Langevin

Authors

Dominique Langevin
View author publications
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Langevin, D. (2020). Emulsions and Foams. In: Emulsions, Microemulsions and Foams. Soft and Biological Matter. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55681-5_4

Download citation

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55681-5_4
Published: 22 December 2020
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-55680-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-55681-5
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics