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Waste Vegetable Oils, Fats, and Cooking Oils in Biodiesel Production

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Integrated Natural Resources Research

Part of the book series: Handbook of Environmental Engineering ((HEE,volume 22))

Abstract

This chapter provides a critical overview of the methods of biodiesel production from waste oily by-products from edible oil refinery, waste fats, and waste cooking oils with emphasis on factors that impact the synthesis of fatty acids alkyl esters. The aim is to show exploitation possibilities of the mentioned waste materials for making biodiesel. Various technologies such as chemical (homogeneous and heterogeneous) and enzyme catalysis as well as non-catalytic processes have been applied in biodiesel production from waste oils, fats, and cooking oils. The future commercial process of biodiesel production will be a choice among solid catalysts, lipases, and non-catalytic processes.

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Abbreviations

AG:

Acylglycerols

DAG:

Diacylglycerols

DD:

Deodorizer distillate

FAAE:

Fatty acid alkyl esters

FAEE:

Ethyl esters

FAME:

Fatty acid methyl esters

FFA:

Free fatty acids

MAG:

Monoacylglycerols

SBE:

Spent bleaching earth

SSR:

Soap-splitting route

TAG:

Triacylglycerols

WAF:

Waste animal fats

WCO:

Waste cooking oils

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Acknowledgment

Serbian authors are thankful to the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia, which supports their work under the Project III 45001.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Technology, University of Niš, Leskovac, Serbia, Leskovac, Serbia

    Vlada B. Veljković, Ivana B. Banković-Ilić & Olivera S. Stamenković

  2. Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia

    Vlada B. Veljković

  3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Yung-Tse Hung

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  1. Vlada B. Veljković
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  2. Ivana B. Banković-Ilić
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  3. Olivera S. Stamenković
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Lenox Institute of Water Technology, Newtonville, NY, USA

    Lawrence K. Wang

  2. Lenox Institute of Water Technology, Newtonville, NY, USA

    Mu-Hao Sung Wang

  3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Yung-Tse Hung

Glossary

Biodiesel

Biodiesel is a form of diesel fuel derived from plants or animals and consisting of long-chain fatty acid esters.

Catalysis

Catalysis is the process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a substance known as a catalyst.

Cooking oils

Cooking oil is plant, animal, or synthetic fat used in frying, baking, and other types of cooking.

Enzyme catalysis

Enzyme catalysis is the increase in the rate of a process by a biological molecule, an “enzyme.”

Esterification

Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product.

Fats

Fat is a type of nutrient.

Transesterification

Transesterification is the process of exchanging the organic group R″ of an ester with the organic group R′ of an alcohol.

Vegetable oils

Vegetable oils, or vegetable fats, are oils extracted from seeds, or less often, from other parts of fruits.

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Veljković, V.B., Banković-Ilić, I.B., Stamenković, O.S., Hung, YT. (2021). Waste Vegetable Oils, Fats, and Cooking Oils in Biodiesel Production. In: Wang, L.K., Wang, MH.S., Hung, YT. (eds) Integrated Natural Resources Research. Handbook of Environmental Engineering, vol 22. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61002-9_5

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