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Parasites as an Inseparable Part of Antarctic and Subantarctic Marine Biodiversity

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Antarctic Peninsula Region of the Southern Ocean

Part of the book series: Advances in Polar Ecology ((AVPE,volume 6))

Abstract

The biodiversity of parasites of marine invertebrates and vertebrates in the Antarctic and Subantarctic is high. Parasitic organisms are represented by 377 species belonging to 18 taxa. The vast majority of parasites in this region have a complex life cycle, which includes intermediate/paratenic and definitive hosts of various taxonomic groups and ecological levels. The dominant group among the identified parasites in the invertebrates and vertebrates is the endoparasites (271 species), whose share amounts to over 72% of the total parasitic fauna. Poor knowledge and a fragmentary degree of research are characteristic of the hosts of parasites among invertebrates. The greatest attention of the researchers of parasites of this region has been paid to the parasites of the fish, which is the dominant group of vertebrate hosts. Currently, 189 parasite species have been found in 135 fish species, i.e., only 50% of the ichthyofauna has been studied for infection. An uneven distribution of parasites of the various taxa among fish families was noted, which indicates that the study of parasites in widespread and large families of Antarctic and Subantarctic fish has been performed, while rare and living at great depths fish remained either not studied in terms of parasites or the studies were fragmentary. The parasite fauna of Antarctica and Subantarctica is characterized by a high level of endemism.

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Acknowledgment

This work was supported by the Russian Academy of Sciences number AAAA-A18-118020890074-2 and AAAA-A19-119100290162-0. PTA is deeply grateful to Ph.D. Dmitrieva E.V. and Ph.D. Korniychuk Yu.M. (IBSS) for their help in discussing the results and recommendations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia

    Tatyana A. Polyakova

  2. Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscow, Russia

    Ilya I. Gordeev

  3. Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

    Ilya I. Gordeev

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  1. Tatyana A. Polyakova
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  2. Ilya I. Gordeev
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  1. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, Russia

    Eugene G. Morozov

  2. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, Russia

    Mikhail V. Flint

  3. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, Russia

    Vassily A. Spiridonov

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Polyakova, T.A., Gordeev, I.I. (2021). Parasites as an Inseparable Part of Antarctic and Subantarctic Marine Biodiversity. In: Morozov, E.G., Flint, M.V., Spiridonov, V.A. (eds) Antarctic Peninsula Region of the Southern Ocean. Advances in Polar Ecology, vol 6. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78927-5_23

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