Abstract
In this study, we found effective facial expressions with the minimal elements required to identify someone's emotion. One circle for each eye and one for the mouth makes triangular facial expressions. In all the preceding studies, facial expressions have only used visual details that had been shown in three dimensions, with the mouth being stretched wide, the face tilted, and the eyes slanted. As well as previously discovered in affective studies, the correlations between visual input and outcomes have correlated. We discovered that people exhibit ten expressions of feeling, which are (I) happy, (II) angry, (III) sad, (IV) disgust, (V) fear, (VI) surprised, (VII) angry*, (VIII) fear*, (IX) neutral pleasant (positive), and (X) neutral unpleasant (negative). Mathematical transformations transmitted the feelings. Cultural variations are also noted in face expressions described in the article.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Darwin, C.: The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. John Murray, London (1872)
Diamond, R., Carey, S.: Why faces are and are not special: an effect of expertise. J. Exp. Psychol. 115, 107 (1986)
Ekman, P.: Basic Emotions, pp. 45–60. Wiley, New York (2005)
Ellis, H., Shepherd, J., Davies, G.: Identification of familiar and unfamiliar faces from internal and external features: some implications for theories of face recognition. Perception 8, 431–439 (1979)
Keating, C.F., Gregory Keating, E.: Visual scan patterns of rhesus monkeys viewing faces. Perception 11, 133–140 (1975)
Russell, J.A.: Reading Emotions from and into Faces: Resurrecting a Dimensional-Contextual Perspective, pp. 295–320. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1997)
Schlosberg, H.: Three dimensions of emotion. Psychol. Rev. 10(5), 81–88 (1954)
Shah, R., Lewis, M.: Locating the neutral expression in the facial-emotion space. Vis. Cogn. 10(5), 549–566 (2003)
Shepherd, J.W., Davies, G., Ellis, H.D.: Studies of cue saliency. In: Davies, G., Ellis, H., Shepherd, J. (eds.) Perceiving and Remembering Faces (1981)
Slater, A., Johnson, M.H., Morton, J.: Biology and Cognitive Development: The Case of Face Recognition. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1993)
Smith, C.A., Ellsworth, P.C.: Patterns of cognitive appraisal in emotion. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 48(4), 813–838 (1985)
Takehara, T., Suzuki, N.: Robustness of the two-dimensional structure of recognition of emotionality. Percept. Mot. Skills 93(3), 739–753 (2001)
Watanabe, N.: Research of distribution of facial expressions in emotional space by using affect grid method [in Japanese]. Jpn. Psychol. Res. 65, 274 (2001)
Yamada, H.: Expression model for process of perceptive estimation of facial expression [in Japanese]. Jpn. Psychol. Rev. 43(2), 245–255 (2000)
Robert, K.: Yin: looking at upside-down faces. J. Exp. Psychol. 81, 141–145 (1969)
Young, A.W., Hay, D.C., McWeeny, K.H., Fluid, B.M., Ellis, A.W.: Matching familiar and unfamiliar faces on internal and external features. Perception 14, 737–746 (1985)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Tawaki, M., Yamamoto, K., Kanaya, I. (2022). Cultural Difference of Simplified Facial Expressions for Humanoids. In: Ahram, T., Taiar, R. (eds) Human Interaction, Emerging Technologies and Future Systems V. IHIET 2021. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 319. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85540-6_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85540-6_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-85539-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-85540-6
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)