Skip to main content

Late Talkers and Language Learning in Norwegian ECEC for Children Under Three

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Special Education in the Early Years

Abstract

In this chapter, we explore and discuss the possibilities and challenges in the language learning environment for children under 3 years old who have low language skills. We build on data from two doctoral theses focused on educational language practices, language development, play and social functioning in the early childhood years, here within a Norwegian early childhood education and care (ECEC) context. The early childhood years are a sensitive period in language development, and international research indicates that early experiences matter for long-term educational and social development. In Norway, ECEC coverage for toddlers is over 80%, thus making ECECs an important language learning arena. The features from two PhD thesis conducted in Norway are presented and discussed in this chapter. The results from the two studies show that there are variations in children’s language development that explain their participation in play. Moreover, the results show that ECEC staff provide children with few language learning opportunities that are assumed to promote language development. We highlight the importance of the quality of the language learning environment in securing progression and development for late talkers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Beitchman, J. H., Wilson, B., Johnson, C. J., Atkinson, L., Young, A., Adlaf, E., Escobar, M., & Douglas, L. (2001). Fourteen-year follow-up of speech/language-impaired and control children: Psychiatric outcome. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 40(1), 75–82. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004703-200106000-00028

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bishop, D. V. M. (2014). Uncommon understanding: Development and disorders of language comprehension in children. Psychology Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bishop, D. V. M., Snowling, M. J., Thompson, P. A., & Greenhalgh, T. (2017). Phase 2 of CATALISE: A multinational and multidisciplinary Delphi consensus study of problems with language development: Terminology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58(10), 1068–1080. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12721

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burchinal, M., Kainz, K., & Cai, Y. (2011). How well do our measures of quality predict child outcomes? A meta-analysis and coordinated analysis of data from large-scale studies of early childhood settings. In M. Zaslow, I. Martinez-Beck, K. Tout, & T. Halle (Eds.), Quality measurement in early childhood settings (pp. 11–31). Paul H Brookes Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conti-Ramsden, G., St. Clair, M. C., Pickles, A., & Durkin, K. (2012). Developmental trajectories of verbal and nonverbal skills in individuals with a history of specific language impairment: From childhood to adolescence. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 55(6), 1716–1735. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2012/10-0182)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dearing, E., Zachrisson, H. D., Mykletun, A., & Toppelberg, C. O. (2018). Estimating the consequences of Norway’s national scale-up of early childhood education and care (beginning in infancy) for early language skills. AERA Open, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858418756598

  • Dickinson, D. K. (2011). Teachers’ language practices and academic outcomes of preschool children. Science, 333, 964–967. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1204526

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Espenakk, U., Frost, J., Kleppestad Færvaag, M., Grove, H., Horn, E., Løge, I. L., Gees Solheim, R., & Wagner, Å. K. (2003). TRAS håndbok. Høgskolen i Stavanger, Senter for leseforsking.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gjerustad, C., Hjetland, H. N., & Opheim, V. (2019). TALIS Starting Strong Survey: Første hovedfunn. Kortrapport med oppsummering fra OECDs første internasjonale undersøkelse av ansatte og styrere i barnehagene (NIFU-Rapport 2019:18). http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2624309

  • Gulbrandsen, L., & Eliassen, E. (2013). Kvalitet i barnehager (NOVA Rapport 1/2013). http://www.nova.no/asset/6157/1/6157_1.pdf

  • Hagen, Å. M. (2018). Improving the odds: Identifying language activities that support the language development of preschoolers with poorer vocabulary skills. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 62(5), 649–663. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2016.1258727

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, J. E. (2018). Educational language practices and language development in early childhood education and care [Doctoral dissertation, no. 429, University of Stavanger, Faculty of Arts and Education, Department of Early Childhood Education, Stavanger].

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, J. E., & Alvestad, M. (2017). Educational language practices described by preschool teachers in Norwegian ECECs. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 26(1), 128–141. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2018.1412052

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, J. E., & Broekhuizen, M. L. (2020). Quality of the language-learning environment and vocabulary development in early childhood. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2019.1705894

  • Harms, T., Clifford, R. M., & Cryer, D. (2005). Early childhood environment rating scale – revised edition. Teachers College, Columbia University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Helland, W. A., Lundervold, A. J., Heimann, M., & Posserud, M.-B. (2014). Stable associations between behavioral problems and language impairments across childhood–the importance of pragmatic language problems. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 35(5), 943–951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2014.02.016

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoff, E. (2006). How social contexts support and shape language development. Developmental Review, 26(1), 55–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2005.11.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoff, E. (2014). Language development (5th ed.). Wadsworth Cengage Learning.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huttenlocher, J., Waterfall, H., Vasilyeva, M., Vevea, J., & Hedges, L. V. (2010). Sources of variability in children’s language growth. Cognitive Psychology, 61(4), 343–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogpsych.2010.08.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keene, E. O., & Zimmermann, S. (1997). Mosaic of thought: Teaching comprehension in a reader’s workshop. ERIC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keys, T. D., Farkas, G., Burchinal, M. R., Duncan, G. J., Vandell, D. L., Li, W., Ruzek, E. A., & Howes, C. (2013). Preschool center quality and school readiness: Quality effects and variation by demographic and child characteristics. Child Development, 84(4), 1171–1190. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12048

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lekhal, R., Zachrisson, H. D., Wang, M. V., Schjølberg, S., & von Soest, T. (2011). Does universally accessible child care protect children from late talking? Results from a Norwegian population-based prospective study. Early Child Development and Care, 181(8), 1007–1019. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2010.508558

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lekhal, R., von Soest, T., Wang, M. V., Aukrust, V. G., & Schjølberg, S. (2012). Norway’s high-quality center care reduces late talking in high- and low-risk groups. Journal of Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, 33(7), 562–569. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0b013e3182648727

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Løge, I. K., Leidland, K., Mellegaard, M., Olsen, A. H. S., Waldeland, T., Myklebust, R., Løge, I. K., et al. (2006). Alle med: veiledningshefte. Info Vest forlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • McTigue, E. M., Solheim, O. J., Walgermo, B., Frijters, J., & Foldnes, N. (2019). How can we determine students’ motivation for reading before formal instruction? Results from a self-beliefs and interest scale validation. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 48, 122–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2018.12.013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Melhuish, E. (2011). Preschool matters. Science, 333(6040), 299–300. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1209459doi:10.1080/13502930903101610

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Education and Research. (2017). Framework plan for the content and tasks of kindergartens. Ministry of Education and Research. https://www.udir.no/globalassets/filer/barnehage/rammeplan/framework-plan-for-kindergartens2-2017.pdf

  • Mol, S. E., & Bus, A. G. (2011). To read or not to read: A meta-analysis of print exposure from infancy to early adulthood. Psychological Bulletin, 137(2), 267–296. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021890

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mol, S. E., Bus, A. G., De Jong, M. T., & Smeets, D. J. H. (2008). Added value of dialogic parent–child book readings: A meta-analysis. Early Education and Development, 19(1), 7–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409280701838603

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mol, S. E., Bus, A. G., & De Jong, M. T. (2009). Interactive book reading in early education: A tool to stimulate print knowledge as well as oral language. Review of Educational Research, 79, 979–1007. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654309332561

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • National Committee for Research Ethics in the Social Sciences and the Humanities. (2016). Guidelines for research ethics in the social sciences, humanities, law and theology (4th ed.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nome, D. Ø. (2020). Men er det egentlig lek? En teoretisk drøfting av den autonome lekens plass i en institusjonalisert barndom. Barnläkaren, 32(4). https://doi.org/10.5324/barn.v33i4.3515

  • Øksnes, M., & Rasmussen, T. R. (2017). Lek. Cappelen Damm akademisk.

    Google Scholar 

  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2015). Starting strong IV. OECD Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pesco, D., & Gagné, A. (2017). Scaffolding narrative skills: A meta-analysis of instruction in early childhood settings. Early Education and Development, 28(7), 773–793. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2015.1060800

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Redmond, S. M., & Rice, M. L. (1998). The socioemotional behaviors of children with slisocial adaptation or social deviance? Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 41(3), 688–700.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rescorla, L., & Merrin, L. (1998). Communicative intent in late-talking toddlers. Applied PsychoLinguistics, 19(03), 393–414. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716400010237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rowe, M. L. (2012). A longitudinal investigation of the role of quantity and quality of child-directed speech vocabulary development. Child Development, 83(5), 1762–1774. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01805.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Säljö, R. (2001). Læring i praksis : et sosiokulturelt perspektiv. Cappelen akademisk.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simonsen, H. G., Kristoffersen, K. E., Bleses, D., Wehberg, S., & Jørgensen, R. N. (2014). The Norwegian communicative development inventories: Reliability, main developmental trends and gender differences. First Language, 34(1), 3–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/0142723713510997

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Siraj-Blatchford, I. (2009). Conceptualising progression in the pedagogy of play and sustained shared thinking in early childhood education: A Vygotskian perspective. Education and Child Psychology, 26(2), 77–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siraj-Blatchford, I., Sylva, K., Muttock, S., Gilden, R., & Bell, D. (2002). Researching effective pedagogy in the early years (Research report No. 356). Department for Education and Skills. https://dera.ioe.ac.uk/4650/1/RR356.pdf

  • Spinath, F. M., Price, T. S., Dale, P. S., & Plomin, R. (2004). The genetic and environmental origins of language disability and ability. Child Development, 75(2), 445–454. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3696650

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stangeland, E. B. (2017). The impact of language skills and social competence on play behaviour in toddlers. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2016.1266224

  • Stangeland, E. B. (2018). Språklig mestring, lek og sosial kompetanse hos de yngste barnehagebarna. En studie av variasjon og sammenhenger [Dotorgradsavhandling nr. 389, Universitetet i Stavanger, Fakultet for utdanningsvitenskap og humaniora].

    Google Scholar 

  • Sunderajan, T., & Kanhere, S. V. (2019). Speech and language delay in children: Prevalence and risk factors. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 8(5), 1642–1646. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_162_19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sylva, K., Melhuish, E., Sammons, P., Siraj-Blatchford, I., & Taggart, B. (2010). Early childhood matters: Evidence from the effective pre-school and primary education project. Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Tomasello, M., Carpenter, M., Call, J., Behne, T., & Moll, H. (2005). Understanding and sharing intentions: The origins of cultural cognition. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 28(05), 675–691. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X05000129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van den Broek, P., Kendeou, P., Lousberg, S., & Visser, G. (2017). Preparing for reading comprehension: Fostering text comprehension skills in preschool and early elementary school children. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 4(1), 259–268.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vygotsky, L. S. (1967). Play and its role in the mental development of the child. Journal of Russian and East European Psychology, 5(3), 6–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yew, S. G. K., & O’Kearney, R. (2013). Emotional and behavioural outcomes later in childhood and adolescence for children with specific language impairments: Meta-analyses of controlled prospective studies. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54(5), 516–524. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12009

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Elisabeth Brekke Stangeland .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Stangeland, E.B., Hansen, J.E. (2022). Late Talkers and Language Learning in Norwegian ECEC for Children Under Three. In: Harju-Luukkainen, H., Hanssen, N.B., Sundqvist, C. (eds) Special Education in the Early Years. International Perspectives on Early Childhood Education and Development, vol 36. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91297-0_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91297-0_13

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-91296-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-91297-0

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics