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Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter for Increased Intracranial Pressure

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Neurovascular Sonography

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Abstract

Intracranial hypertension (ICH) is a neurologic emergency with high morbidity and mortality that if left untreated can result in cerebral circulatory arrest or brain death. Rapid assessment of intracranial pressure is essential in the diagnosis and management of acute intracranial insults. A recent review of the literature concluded that optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and transcranial Doppler are the most superior non-invasive tools clinically proven to detect intracranial hypertension. Changes in the ONSD detected by ophthalmic ultrasound is a noninvasive, reproducible, and accurate way of diagnosing ICH in adults and children. The physiologic premise for ONSD measurements, clinical applications, equipment and supplies needed to obtain, methods for interpreting results, and limitations in obtaining ultrasound guided ONSD measurements are detailed within this chapter. A stepwise description of how to safely utilize ophthalmic ultrasound to obtain images and take measurements of the ONSD is detailed in chapter 31 of this book.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Charlotte Bloomberg Children’s Center, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Becky J. Riggs

  2. Oregon Health Science University, Doernbecher Children’s Hospital, Portland, OR, USA

    Becky J. Riggs

  3. School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Megan F. Hunt

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  1. Becky J. Riggs
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  2. Megan F. Hunt
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Correspondence to Becky J. Riggs .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Wendy C. Ziai

  2. Neurosonology Consultant Cardiovascular Ultrasound Services, Inc., Columbus, OH, USA

    Christy L. Cornwell

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Riggs, B.J., Hunt, M.F. (2022). Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter for Increased Intracranial Pressure. In: Ziai, W.C., Cornwell, C.L. (eds) Neurovascular Sonography . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96893-9_17

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