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Introduction: Perspectives on the History and Ethnoarchaeology of Reindeer Domestication and Herding

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Domestication in Action

Part of the book series: Arctic Encounters ((AE))

Abstract

Reindeer herding today is under multiple pressures from climate change, competing forms of land use, and socioeconomic change. At the same time, reindeer-herding practices are important bearers of memory and tradition. As memories and traditions are alive and vibrant in today’s reindeer-herding practices and landscapes, those practices and landscapes have the potential to tell stories of past human–reindeer engagements. This volume’s introductory chapter explores the possibilities of narrating stories of the domestication of the reindeer and the development of reindeer herding through a combination of archaeological evidence and reindeer herders’ traditional knowledge. The chapter outlines the historical and archaeological sources of information on the development of reindeer herding among the Sámi of northern Fennoscandia. It also explores the definitions, meanings, and implications of animal domestication, and discusses how traditional knowledge carries the potential to understand past animal management and human–animal relationships. In exploring these themes, the chapter emphasises the importance of archaeological research and reindeer herders’ knowledge in understanding long-term changes and continuities in reindeer-herding practices.

Abstrákta

Dálkkádatrievdan, gilvaleaddji eanangeavahusa dábit ja servodatlaš sihke ekonomalaš earáhuvvamat dagahit deaddagiid dálá áigge boazoolbmuide. Boazodoallu lea dattetge dainna bargi servošiidda kultuvrralaččat dehálaš ja boazodoalu geavadat seailluhit ja sirdet mávssolaš muitindieđu. Daningo boazodoalu dábit ja duovdagat leat muitindieđu ja muitalusaid seailluheaddjin, de daid dutkamiin sáhttá gávdnat dieđu maid mannanáiggi boazodoalus ja olbmuid ja bohccuid gaskavuođa goriin. Dán lohkosis guorahallojuvvojit historjjálaš ja arkeologalaš gáldut, maiguin ožžojuvvo diehtu boazodoalu álggus ja gárganeamis Sámis. Lohkosis gieđahallojuvvojit maid domestikašuvnna doahpaga meroštallamat ja dáid meroštallamiid mearkkašumit elliid domestikašuvnna dutkamuššii. Dasa lassin suokkarduvvo, mot boazoolbmuid árbevirolaš máhttu sáhttá adnojuvvot ávkin mannanáiggi boazodoalu dutkamušas. Dáid fáttáid bakte lohkosis deattuhuvvo, man mávssolaš sihke arkeologalaš dutkamuš ja boazoolbmuid árbevirolaš diehtu leat boazodoalu earáhuvvama ja joatkevašvuođa dutkamuššii.

Tiivistelmä

Ilmastonmuutos, kilpailevat maankäytön tavat ja yhteiskunnalliset sekä taloudelliset muutokset aiheuttavat paineita tämän päivän poronhoitajille. Poronhoito on kuitenkin sitä harjoittaville yhteisöille kulttuurisesti tärkeää ja poronhoidon käytännöt säilyttävät ja välittävät tärkeää muistitietoa. Koska poronhoidon tavat ja maisemat toimivat muistitiedon ja tarinoiden säilyttäjinä, voi niitä tutkimalla saada tietoa myös menneisyyden poronhoidosta ja ihmisten ja poron välisistä suhteista. Tässä luvussa tarkastellaan niitä historiallisia ja arkeologisia lähteitä, joiden avulla saadaan tietoa poronhoidon alusta ja kehityksestä saamelaisalueella. Luvussa käsitellään myös domestikaation käsitteen määritelmiä ja näiden määritelmien merkityksiä eläinten domestikaation tutkimukselle. Lisäksi luvussa pohditaan sitä, miten poronhoitajien perinteistä tietotaitoa voidaan käyttää menneisyyden poronhoidon tutkimuksessa. Näiden teemojen kautta luvussa korostetaan sitä, miten keskeistä sekä arkeologinen tutkimus että poronhoitajien perinteinen tieto ovat poronhoidon muutoksen ja jatkuvuuden tutkimukselle.

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Salmi, AK. (2022). Introduction: Perspectives on the History and Ethnoarchaeology of Reindeer Domestication and Herding. In: Salmi, AK. (eds) Domestication in Action . Arctic Encounters. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98643-8_1

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